CIPP/E QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
Universal Declaration of Human Rights - Passage - ANSWER1948
Universal Declaration of Human Rights - Article 12 - ANSWERThe right to a private life
and associated freedoms.
Universal Declaration of Human Rights - Article 19 - ANSWERFreedom of expression.
Universal Declaration of Human Rights - Article 29(2) - ANSWERRights are not
absolute and there are instances where a balance must be struck.
European Convention on Human Rights - ANSWERTreaty drawn up by the Council of
Europe that protects fundamental rights. Adopted in 1953 and based on the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights.
European Convention on Human Rights - Enforcement - ANSWEREnforced by the
European Court of Human Rights
European Convention on Human Rights - Article 8 - ANSWERProtects rights of
individuals
European Convention on Human Rights - Article 10 - ANSWERProtects the right of
freedom of expression and the right to share information and ideas across national
boundaries.
OECD Guidelines on the Protection of Privacy and Transborder Flows of Personal Data
(1980) - ANSWERGuidelines comprised basic non-legally binding rules governing
transferred flows and the protection of personal information and privacy in order to
facilitate the harmonization of data protection law between countries.
Council of Europe Convention for the Protection of Individuals with regard to Automatic
Processing of Personal Data - ANSWERAlso known as Convention 108. Was the first
legally binding international instrument in the area of data protection. Convention 108
sets the standard for the protection of the personal data of individuals while also
seeking to find a balance for the need to maintain the free flow of personal data for the
purposes of international trade.
Convention 108 v. OECD Guidelines - ANSWERConvention 108 differs from the
Guidelines in that it required signatories to take the necessary steps in their domestic
legislation to apply the principles it lays down.
Treaty of Lisbon - ANSWERIn force in 2009. Aims to strengthen and improve the core
structures of the EU to enable it to function more efficiently and ensures that all
, institutions of the EU must have regard to the protection of individuals when processing
personal data.
European Parliament - ANSWERThe only European institution whose members are
directly elected. It has four responsibilities:
1. Legislative development;
2. Supervisory oversight of the other institutions;
3. democratic representation; and
4. Development of the budget.
European Council - ANSWERThe heads of the Member States, together with the
president of the European Commission, meet four times a year to define EU's priorities
and set political direction for the EU.
Council of the EU - ANSWERThe main decision-making body of the EU, having a
central role in both political and legislative decisions. The Council's meetings are attend
by one minister from each member state, where ministers have the power to commit
their government.
European Commission - ANSWERDescribed as the executive body of the EU. It
implements the EU's decisions and politics, but it also has other broad functions,
including the power to initiate legislation.
European Court of Human Rights - ANSWERNot an institution of the EU and it has no
powers of enforcement. But, as the case law of the ECHR shows, it has been active in
data protection. The ECHR has also considered the question of the protection of
personal data form the viewpoint of the right of access to such data.
Court of Justice of the European Union - ANSWERThe judicial body of the EU that
makes decisions on issues of EU law and enforces European decisions either in respect
of actions taken by the European Commission against a member state or action taken
by an individual to enforce his rights under EU law.
Data Protection Directive (95/46/EC) - ANSWERSets out general principles and leaves
member states to implement these as they see fit.
E-Privacy Directive - ANSWERConcerns the processing of personal data and the
protection of privacy in the electronic communications sector and covers all forms of
electronic communications.
E-Privacy Directive Amendment - ANSWERThe changes generally relate to the
introduction of mandatory notification of personal data breaches by electronic
communications services provider. Perhaps the most pertinent and controversial
amendment concerns the new provision affecting cookies: the storing of information (or
the gaining of access to information already stored) in the terminal equipment of a
Universal Declaration of Human Rights - Passage - ANSWER1948
Universal Declaration of Human Rights - Article 12 - ANSWERThe right to a private life
and associated freedoms.
Universal Declaration of Human Rights - Article 19 - ANSWERFreedom of expression.
Universal Declaration of Human Rights - Article 29(2) - ANSWERRights are not
absolute and there are instances where a balance must be struck.
European Convention on Human Rights - ANSWERTreaty drawn up by the Council of
Europe that protects fundamental rights. Adopted in 1953 and based on the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights.
European Convention on Human Rights - Enforcement - ANSWEREnforced by the
European Court of Human Rights
European Convention on Human Rights - Article 8 - ANSWERProtects rights of
individuals
European Convention on Human Rights - Article 10 - ANSWERProtects the right of
freedom of expression and the right to share information and ideas across national
boundaries.
OECD Guidelines on the Protection of Privacy and Transborder Flows of Personal Data
(1980) - ANSWERGuidelines comprised basic non-legally binding rules governing
transferred flows and the protection of personal information and privacy in order to
facilitate the harmonization of data protection law between countries.
Council of Europe Convention for the Protection of Individuals with regard to Automatic
Processing of Personal Data - ANSWERAlso known as Convention 108. Was the first
legally binding international instrument in the area of data protection. Convention 108
sets the standard for the protection of the personal data of individuals while also
seeking to find a balance for the need to maintain the free flow of personal data for the
purposes of international trade.
Convention 108 v. OECD Guidelines - ANSWERConvention 108 differs from the
Guidelines in that it required signatories to take the necessary steps in their domestic
legislation to apply the principles it lays down.
Treaty of Lisbon - ANSWERIn force in 2009. Aims to strengthen and improve the core
structures of the EU to enable it to function more efficiently and ensures that all
, institutions of the EU must have regard to the protection of individuals when processing
personal data.
European Parliament - ANSWERThe only European institution whose members are
directly elected. It has four responsibilities:
1. Legislative development;
2. Supervisory oversight of the other institutions;
3. democratic representation; and
4. Development of the budget.
European Council - ANSWERThe heads of the Member States, together with the
president of the European Commission, meet four times a year to define EU's priorities
and set political direction for the EU.
Council of the EU - ANSWERThe main decision-making body of the EU, having a
central role in both political and legislative decisions. The Council's meetings are attend
by one minister from each member state, where ministers have the power to commit
their government.
European Commission - ANSWERDescribed as the executive body of the EU. It
implements the EU's decisions and politics, but it also has other broad functions,
including the power to initiate legislation.
European Court of Human Rights - ANSWERNot an institution of the EU and it has no
powers of enforcement. But, as the case law of the ECHR shows, it has been active in
data protection. The ECHR has also considered the question of the protection of
personal data form the viewpoint of the right of access to such data.
Court of Justice of the European Union - ANSWERThe judicial body of the EU that
makes decisions on issues of EU law and enforces European decisions either in respect
of actions taken by the European Commission against a member state or action taken
by an individual to enforce his rights under EU law.
Data Protection Directive (95/46/EC) - ANSWERSets out general principles and leaves
member states to implement these as they see fit.
E-Privacy Directive - ANSWERConcerns the processing of personal data and the
protection of privacy in the electronic communications sector and covers all forms of
electronic communications.
E-Privacy Directive Amendment - ANSWERThe changes generally relate to the
introduction of mandatory notification of personal data breaches by electronic
communications services provider. Perhaps the most pertinent and controversial
amendment concerns the new provision affecting cookies: the storing of information (or
the gaining of access to information already stored) in the terminal equipment of a
