JR 101 STUDY GUIDE UPDATED EXAM QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔valgus - ✔✔knock-kneed, angulation of a joint away from the midline of the body
✔✔ABDUCTION - ✔✔MOVEMENT AWAY FROM THE MIDLINE
✔✔ADDUCTION - ✔✔MOVEMENT TOWARD THE MIDLINE.
✔✔flexion - ✔✔Decreases the angle between to body parts
✔✔Exstention - ✔✔movement the increases the angle between to body parts
✔✔INTERNAL ROTATION (MEDIAL ROTATION) - ✔✔rotational movement towards
the midline of the body
✔✔EXTERNAL ROTATION (LATERAL ROTATION) - ✔✔rotational movement away
from the midline of the body
✔✔frontal plane (coronal plane) - ✔✔Divide the body into front (posterior) and back
(anterior) portions.
✔✔sagittal plane (median plane) - ✔✔divides body into left and right
✔✔midsagittal plane - ✔✔divides the body into equal right and left sides
✔✔transverse plane - ✔✔divides the body into superior and inferior parts
✔✔anterior-posterior axis - ✔✔coronal plane
Movement: HIP ABDUCTION/ADDUCTION
Ex. Jumping jacks cartwheel
✔✔longitudinal axis - ✔✔transverse plane
Movement: HIP AND KNEE INTERNAL/EXTERNAL ROTATION
Ex: BASEBALL SWINGGOLF SWING
✔✔M-L Axis (Medial-Lateral) - ✔✔on the sagittal plane
Movement: knee and hip flexion/extension
, Ex: walking and squatting
✔✔axial skeleton - ✔✔transmits the weight from the head, the trunk and the upper
extremities down to the lower extremities at the hip joints
✔✔Appendicular skeleton - ✔✔the collection of bones that make up the upper and
lower limbs,
✔✔Five categories of bone - ✔✔long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid
✔✔long bone - ✔✔longer than they are wide. functions as levers; they move when
muscles contract
✔✔sesamoid bone - ✔✔is a small, round bone that, as the name suggests, is shaped
like a sesame seed.
function;
These bones form in tendons where a great deal of pressure is generated in a joint. The
sesamoid bones protect tendons by helping them overcome compressive forces
✔✔epiphysis - ✔✔rounded end of a long bone, at its joint with adjacent bone
✔✔metaphysis - ✔✔wide portion of a long bone between the epiphysis and the narrow
diaphysis
✔✔diaphysis - ✔✔tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the
bone
✔✔Cortical bone - ✔✔dense and forms the surface of bones
function:
provide strength
✔✔Cancellous bone - ✔✔higher surface area but is less dense, softer, weaker, and
less stiff. It's typically present at the ends of long bones, near the joints
highly vascular and frequently contains red bone marrow where the production of blood
cells,
✔✔Wolff's Law - ✔✔Bone changes in form and function due to mechanical stresses and
the force of muscular tension placed upon it
STRESS = STRENGTH
NO STRESS = LOSS OF BONE
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔valgus - ✔✔knock-kneed, angulation of a joint away from the midline of the body
✔✔ABDUCTION - ✔✔MOVEMENT AWAY FROM THE MIDLINE
✔✔ADDUCTION - ✔✔MOVEMENT TOWARD THE MIDLINE.
✔✔flexion - ✔✔Decreases the angle between to body parts
✔✔Exstention - ✔✔movement the increases the angle between to body parts
✔✔INTERNAL ROTATION (MEDIAL ROTATION) - ✔✔rotational movement towards
the midline of the body
✔✔EXTERNAL ROTATION (LATERAL ROTATION) - ✔✔rotational movement away
from the midline of the body
✔✔frontal plane (coronal plane) - ✔✔Divide the body into front (posterior) and back
(anterior) portions.
✔✔sagittal plane (median plane) - ✔✔divides body into left and right
✔✔midsagittal plane - ✔✔divides the body into equal right and left sides
✔✔transverse plane - ✔✔divides the body into superior and inferior parts
✔✔anterior-posterior axis - ✔✔coronal plane
Movement: HIP ABDUCTION/ADDUCTION
Ex. Jumping jacks cartwheel
✔✔longitudinal axis - ✔✔transverse plane
Movement: HIP AND KNEE INTERNAL/EXTERNAL ROTATION
Ex: BASEBALL SWINGGOLF SWING
✔✔M-L Axis (Medial-Lateral) - ✔✔on the sagittal plane
Movement: knee and hip flexion/extension
, Ex: walking and squatting
✔✔axial skeleton - ✔✔transmits the weight from the head, the trunk and the upper
extremities down to the lower extremities at the hip joints
✔✔Appendicular skeleton - ✔✔the collection of bones that make up the upper and
lower limbs,
✔✔Five categories of bone - ✔✔long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid
✔✔long bone - ✔✔longer than they are wide. functions as levers; they move when
muscles contract
✔✔sesamoid bone - ✔✔is a small, round bone that, as the name suggests, is shaped
like a sesame seed.
function;
These bones form in tendons where a great deal of pressure is generated in a joint. The
sesamoid bones protect tendons by helping them overcome compressive forces
✔✔epiphysis - ✔✔rounded end of a long bone, at its joint with adjacent bone
✔✔metaphysis - ✔✔wide portion of a long bone between the epiphysis and the narrow
diaphysis
✔✔diaphysis - ✔✔tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the
bone
✔✔Cortical bone - ✔✔dense and forms the surface of bones
function:
provide strength
✔✔Cancellous bone - ✔✔higher surface area but is less dense, softer, weaker, and
less stiff. It's typically present at the ends of long bones, near the joints
highly vascular and frequently contains red bone marrow where the production of blood
cells,
✔✔Wolff's Law - ✔✔Bone changes in form and function due to mechanical stresses and
the force of muscular tension placed upon it
STRESS = STRENGTH
NO STRESS = LOSS OF BONE
