Biol1000 Midterm 1 Questions With Complete Solutions
Amino acid side chains Correct Answers Different side chains
(R) that determine the chemical and physical properties of
amino acids.
Basic Building Blocks Correct Answers The chemical
molecules used to make a functional cell.
Carbohydrates Correct Answers Molecules important for
structural support, cell identity, and energy storage.
Cell Theory Correct Answers All organisms are made up of
cells. All cells come from pre-existing cells.
Collagen Microfibril model Correct Answers A structural
protein that provides strength and support to various tissues.
DNA Correct Answers A molecule that contains the genetic
instructions for the development and function of living things.
Energy metabolism Correct Answers The process by which
cells use energy to perform functions.
Genetic information flow Correct Answers The process of DNA
transcribing to RNA, which then translates to proteins.
Hemoglobin Correct Answers A protein that carries oxygen in
the blood.
,How do archaea differ from bacteria at the molecular level?
Correct Answers Archaea have unique flagella, cell walls (not
peptidoglycan), and membrane lipids.
How do bacterial and eukaryotic flagella differ? Correct
Answers They are analogous structures with the same function
but evolved independently and are not evolutionarily related.
How do cells arise? Correct Answers From the growth and
division of preexisting cells.
How do environmental factors affect enzyme activity? Correct
Answers Environmental factors such as temperature and pH can
significantly influence enzyme activity and stability.
How do enzymes affect activation energy? Correct Answers
Enzymes lower the activation energy required for a reaction,
increasing the rate of the chemical reaction.
How do enzymes bring substrates together? Correct Answers
Enzymes hold substrates in the active site through weak
interactions, facilitating their reaction.
How do lysosomes maintain their low pH? Correct Answers
They maintain a low pH through proton pumps.
How do microfilaments (actin filaments) contribute to cell
movement? Correct Answers They polymerize at the leading
edge of the cell, facilitating movement through contraction or
crawling.
, How do proteins move through the Golgi apparatus? Correct
Answers Proteins enter the Golgi at the cis face and leave via
the trans face.
How do vesicles facilitate communication between organelles?
Correct Answers Vesicles connect the ER with the Golgi, Golgi
with the plasma membrane, and plasma membrane with
lysosomes and peroxisomes.
How does myosin function in muscle contraction? Correct
Answers Myosin moves towards the fast-growing (+) end of
actin filaments to facilitate contraction.
How does non-competitive inhibition affect enzyme activity?
Correct Answers Non-competitive inhibition occurs when an
inhibiting molecule binds to an enzyme at a site other than the
active site, altering the enzyme's shape and preventing substrate
binding.
How does nuclear transport work? Correct Answers Nuclear
pores embedded in the nuclear envelope control what moves in
and out of the nucleus.
How does temperature affect enzyme activity? Correct Answers
Enzyme activity generally increases with temperature, but
extreme temperatures can lead to denaturation and loss of
function.
How does the Theory of Evolution explain the unity and
diversity of life? Correct Answers It explains that all organisms
Amino acid side chains Correct Answers Different side chains
(R) that determine the chemical and physical properties of
amino acids.
Basic Building Blocks Correct Answers The chemical
molecules used to make a functional cell.
Carbohydrates Correct Answers Molecules important for
structural support, cell identity, and energy storage.
Cell Theory Correct Answers All organisms are made up of
cells. All cells come from pre-existing cells.
Collagen Microfibril model Correct Answers A structural
protein that provides strength and support to various tissues.
DNA Correct Answers A molecule that contains the genetic
instructions for the development and function of living things.
Energy metabolism Correct Answers The process by which
cells use energy to perform functions.
Genetic information flow Correct Answers The process of DNA
transcribing to RNA, which then translates to proteins.
Hemoglobin Correct Answers A protein that carries oxygen in
the blood.
,How do archaea differ from bacteria at the molecular level?
Correct Answers Archaea have unique flagella, cell walls (not
peptidoglycan), and membrane lipids.
How do bacterial and eukaryotic flagella differ? Correct
Answers They are analogous structures with the same function
but evolved independently and are not evolutionarily related.
How do cells arise? Correct Answers From the growth and
division of preexisting cells.
How do environmental factors affect enzyme activity? Correct
Answers Environmental factors such as temperature and pH can
significantly influence enzyme activity and stability.
How do enzymes affect activation energy? Correct Answers
Enzymes lower the activation energy required for a reaction,
increasing the rate of the chemical reaction.
How do enzymes bring substrates together? Correct Answers
Enzymes hold substrates in the active site through weak
interactions, facilitating their reaction.
How do lysosomes maintain their low pH? Correct Answers
They maintain a low pH through proton pumps.
How do microfilaments (actin filaments) contribute to cell
movement? Correct Answers They polymerize at the leading
edge of the cell, facilitating movement through contraction or
crawling.
, How do proteins move through the Golgi apparatus? Correct
Answers Proteins enter the Golgi at the cis face and leave via
the trans face.
How do vesicles facilitate communication between organelles?
Correct Answers Vesicles connect the ER with the Golgi, Golgi
with the plasma membrane, and plasma membrane with
lysosomes and peroxisomes.
How does myosin function in muscle contraction? Correct
Answers Myosin moves towards the fast-growing (+) end of
actin filaments to facilitate contraction.
How does non-competitive inhibition affect enzyme activity?
Correct Answers Non-competitive inhibition occurs when an
inhibiting molecule binds to an enzyme at a site other than the
active site, altering the enzyme's shape and preventing substrate
binding.
How does nuclear transport work? Correct Answers Nuclear
pores embedded in the nuclear envelope control what moves in
and out of the nucleus.
How does temperature affect enzyme activity? Correct Answers
Enzyme activity generally increases with temperature, but
extreme temperatures can lead to denaturation and loss of
function.
How does the Theory of Evolution explain the unity and
diversity of life? Correct Answers It explains that all organisms
