NURS 3366 - Exam 4 questions with answers
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
the endocrine system is dependent on
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
negative feedback systems |\ |\
negative feedback system |\ |\
A reaction that causes a decrease in function in response to
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
some kind of stimulus.
|\ |\ |\
negative feedback system: example 1
|\ |\ |\ |\
a HIGH blood level of a circulating hormone (a hormone is
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
basically a chemicalmessenger) will automaticallysuppress the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
gland that secreted it and/or otherglands in the feedback loop,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
thusdecreasing secretion of that hormone |\ |\ |\ |\
negative feedback system: example 2
|\ |\ |\ |\
a LOW blood level of a circulating hormone will automatically
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
stimulate the glandthat secreted it and/or other glands in the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
feedback loop.. the result is that therewill be MORE of the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
hormone in circulation |\ |\
,pituitary gland |\
AKA hypophysis AKA master gland located in brain near base of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
skull
pituitary gland secretes |\ |\
1. antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
|\ |\ |\
2. thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
|\ |\ |\
3. adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
|\ |\ |\
ADH normally released when..
|\ |\ |\
process that the body uses tocompensate for ("fix") low fluid
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
volume: when the pituitary detects that circulating fluid volume
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
is low, (the body has a high osmolality or high blood
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
concentration) it secretes ADH > ADH "tells" kidneys to "hang |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
onto" water by decreasing urine output > fluids are conserved
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
and fluid volume in the body goes up.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
normal ADH process: |\ |\
low volume/high osmolality alerts pituitary > ADH released from
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
the pituitary > ADH tells kidney to hang on to water > ADH
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
released from pituitary > kidneys sense low fluid volume, low BP,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
and high blood concentration > kidneys secrete renin (RAAS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
,activated) > angiotensin I > angiotensin II > peripheral
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
vasoconstriction and aldosterone release from adrenal gland |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
diabetes insipidus (DI) (ADH problem) |\ |\ |\ |\
undersecretion; means “to pass too much urine;” insipidus |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
means “flavorless” (refers to the fact that the urine has no color
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
because it is very dilute) |\ |\ |\ |\
two causes for diabetes insipidus (DI)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
renal or CNS problems
|\ |\ |\
renal problems (diabetes insipidus)
|\ |\ |\
"sick" kidneys often have adecreased response of renal tubules
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
to ADH
|\
CNS problems (diabetes insipidus)
|\ |\ |\
1. a lesion such as a pituitary tumor causes the gland
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
todiminishits secretion of ADH |\ |\ |\
, 2. acute abnormality in the brain such as head injury orother
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
causes of cerebral edema & IICP in the brain canput pressure on
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
the pituitary gland & cause it todiminish ADH secretion
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
decrease in ADH due to ____ whereas increase in ADH due to ____
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
diabetes insipidus; SIADH |\ |\
decrease in ADH = |\ |\ |\
kidneys will allow more H2O in urine (polyuria) > increase in UO
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
> decrease in H2O in body > increase in osmolality
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
when there is an increase in osmolality
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
fluid goes from T --> B
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
polyuria
excessive urination, diluted |\ |\
S&S of diabetes insipidus (too little ADH)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
the endocrine system is dependent on
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
negative feedback systems |\ |\
negative feedback system |\ |\
A reaction that causes a decrease in function in response to
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
some kind of stimulus.
|\ |\ |\
negative feedback system: example 1
|\ |\ |\ |\
a HIGH blood level of a circulating hormone (a hormone is
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
basically a chemicalmessenger) will automaticallysuppress the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
gland that secreted it and/or otherglands in the feedback loop,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
thusdecreasing secretion of that hormone |\ |\ |\ |\
negative feedback system: example 2
|\ |\ |\ |\
a LOW blood level of a circulating hormone will automatically
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
stimulate the glandthat secreted it and/or other glands in the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
feedback loop.. the result is that therewill be MORE of the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
hormone in circulation |\ |\
,pituitary gland |\
AKA hypophysis AKA master gland located in brain near base of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
skull
pituitary gland secretes |\ |\
1. antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
|\ |\ |\
2. thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
|\ |\ |\
3. adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
|\ |\ |\
ADH normally released when..
|\ |\ |\
process that the body uses tocompensate for ("fix") low fluid
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
volume: when the pituitary detects that circulating fluid volume
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
is low, (the body has a high osmolality or high blood
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
concentration) it secretes ADH > ADH "tells" kidneys to "hang |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
onto" water by decreasing urine output > fluids are conserved
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
and fluid volume in the body goes up.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
normal ADH process: |\ |\
low volume/high osmolality alerts pituitary > ADH released from
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
the pituitary > ADH tells kidney to hang on to water > ADH
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
released from pituitary > kidneys sense low fluid volume, low BP,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
and high blood concentration > kidneys secrete renin (RAAS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
,activated) > angiotensin I > angiotensin II > peripheral
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
vasoconstriction and aldosterone release from adrenal gland |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
diabetes insipidus (DI) (ADH problem) |\ |\ |\ |\
undersecretion; means “to pass too much urine;” insipidus |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
means “flavorless” (refers to the fact that the urine has no color
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
because it is very dilute) |\ |\ |\ |\
two causes for diabetes insipidus (DI)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
renal or CNS problems
|\ |\ |\
renal problems (diabetes insipidus)
|\ |\ |\
"sick" kidneys often have adecreased response of renal tubules
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
to ADH
|\
CNS problems (diabetes insipidus)
|\ |\ |\
1. a lesion such as a pituitary tumor causes the gland
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
todiminishits secretion of ADH |\ |\ |\
, 2. acute abnormality in the brain such as head injury orother
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
causes of cerebral edema & IICP in the brain canput pressure on
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
the pituitary gland & cause it todiminish ADH secretion
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
decrease in ADH due to ____ whereas increase in ADH due to ____
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
diabetes insipidus; SIADH |\ |\
decrease in ADH = |\ |\ |\
kidneys will allow more H2O in urine (polyuria) > increase in UO
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
> decrease in H2O in body > increase in osmolality
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
when there is an increase in osmolality
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
fluid goes from T --> B
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
polyuria
excessive urination, diluted |\ |\
S&S of diabetes insipidus (too little ADH)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
