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Final Exam NPRO 1100 Questions and
Correct Answers
Intraocular pressure (IOP) Ans: Fluid pressure inside the eye;
measured with tonometry
12 - 21 mm Hg
Direct Mechanical Theory Ans: high IOP damages the retinal layer
as it passes through the optic nerve head
Indirect Ischemic Theory Ans: high IOP compresses the
microcirculation in the optic nerve head, resulting in cell injury
and death
Symptoms of Glaucoma Ans: Blurred vision, halos around lights,
difficulty focusing, difficulty adjusting eyes in low lighting, loss of
peripheral vision, aching or discomfort around the eyes, headache
Acute angle closure glaucoma Ans: Rapidly progressive visual
impairment, periocular pain, conjunctival hyperemia, and
congestion. Pain may be associated with nausea, vomiting,
bradycardia, and profuse sweating. Reduced central visual acuity,
severely elevated IOP, corneal edema. Pupil is vertically oval, fixed
in a semi-dilated position, and unreactive to light and
accommodation.
© 2025 All rights reserved
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Ocular emergency; administration of hyperosmotics,
acetazolamide, and topical ocular hypotensive agents, such as
pilocarpine and beta-blockers (betaxolol). Possible laser incision in
the iris (iridotomy) to release blocked aqueous and reduce IOP.
Other eye is also treated with pilocarpine eye drops and/or
surgical management to avoid a similar spontaneous attack.
Subacute angle-closure glaucoma Ans: Transient blurring of
vision, halos around lights; temporal headaches and/or ocular pain
Prophylactic peripheral laser iridotomy. Can lead to acute or
chronic angle-closure glaucoma if untreated
Chronic angle closure glaucoma Ans: Progression of
glaucomatous cupping and significant visual field loss; IOP may be
normal or elevated; ocular pain and headache
Management includes laser iridotomy and medications
General Medications for Glaucoma (Table 63-5) Ans: Cholinergics -
increase the outflow of the aqueous humor by affecting ciliary
© 2025 All rights reserved
Final Exam NPRO 1100 Questions and
Correct Answers
Intraocular pressure (IOP) Ans: Fluid pressure inside the eye;
measured with tonometry
12 - 21 mm Hg
Direct Mechanical Theory Ans: high IOP damages the retinal layer
as it passes through the optic nerve head
Indirect Ischemic Theory Ans: high IOP compresses the
microcirculation in the optic nerve head, resulting in cell injury
and death
Symptoms of Glaucoma Ans: Blurred vision, halos around lights,
difficulty focusing, difficulty adjusting eyes in low lighting, loss of
peripheral vision, aching or discomfort around the eyes, headache
Acute angle closure glaucoma Ans: Rapidly progressive visual
impairment, periocular pain, conjunctival hyperemia, and
congestion. Pain may be associated with nausea, vomiting,
bradycardia, and profuse sweating. Reduced central visual acuity,
severely elevated IOP, corneal edema. Pupil is vertically oval, fixed
in a semi-dilated position, and unreactive to light and
accommodation.
© 2025 All rights reserved
, 2 | Page
Ocular emergency; administration of hyperosmotics,
acetazolamide, and topical ocular hypotensive agents, such as
pilocarpine and beta-blockers (betaxolol). Possible laser incision in
the iris (iridotomy) to release blocked aqueous and reduce IOP.
Other eye is also treated with pilocarpine eye drops and/or
surgical management to avoid a similar spontaneous attack.
Subacute angle-closure glaucoma Ans: Transient blurring of
vision, halos around lights; temporal headaches and/or ocular pain
Prophylactic peripheral laser iridotomy. Can lead to acute or
chronic angle-closure glaucoma if untreated
Chronic angle closure glaucoma Ans: Progression of
glaucomatous cupping and significant visual field loss; IOP may be
normal or elevated; ocular pain and headache
Management includes laser iridotomy and medications
General Medications for Glaucoma (Table 63-5) Ans: Cholinergics -
increase the outflow of the aqueous humor by affecting ciliary
© 2025 All rights reserved
