NST 10 Midterm 1 UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Glycemic Index - CORRECT ANSWER - Ranking of effect on blood glucose of a food of
a certain carb relative to an equal amount of carb from a reference food such as white bread or
glucose
Glycemic Load - CORRECT ANSWER - Index of glycemic response after eating specific
foods: Calculated by multiplying glycemic index by amount of available cars in a serving of the
food.
Glucogenic Amino Acid - CORRECT ANSWER - Amino acid used to synthesize glucose
through gluconeogenesis
Ketogenic Amino Acid - CORRECT ANSWER - Amino Acid that breaks down to form
acetyl-CoA and contributes to ketone synthesis
Ketones/Ketone Bodies - CORRECT ANSWER - Molecules formed in liver when there is
not sufficient carb to completely metabolize the two-carbon units produced from fat breakdown
-Ketosis: build up of ketones in blood
Type 1 Diabetes - CORRECT ANSWER - Immune system destroys cells that produce
insulin (juvenile diabetes)
Type 2 Diabetes - CORRECT ANSWER - Insulin resistance and insulin deficiency
Lipids - CORRECT ANSWER - Nonpolar; don;t dissolve in water
Ex: Fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids, sterols
, Triglyceride - CORRECT ANSWER - Major form of lipid in food and body; consists of
one glycerol and three fatty acids
Fatty Acid - CORRECT ANSWER - Chain of carbons linked to hydrogen atoms with acid
at one end and omega (or methyl) at the other end
Phospholipid - CORRECT ANSWER - Glycerol and two fatty acids and phosphate group
Sterol - CORRECT ANSWER - Type of lipid composed of multiple chemical rings; found
in plants and animals.
Ex: Cholesterol
Saturated Fatty Acid - CORRECT ANSWER - No carbon-carbon double bonds; all have
hydrogen atoms. Palmitic has 16 carbons and Stearic has 18 carbons.
Ex: Red meats, butter, cheese, whole milk, tropical oils, etc
Unsaturated Fatty Acids - CORRECT ANSWER - Not all carbons saturated with
hydrogen.
Mono: One carbon-carbon double bond (Oleic)
Poly: two carbon-carbon double bonds
Ex. Omega-3 (Alpha-linolenc); Omega-6 (Linoleic)
Exampls of Unsaturated Fatty Acids - CORRECT ANSWER - Mono: Canola, Olive,
Peanut oils, nuts
Omega-3: Flaxseed, canola oils
Omega-6: Corn, safflower, soybean oils
Trans Fatty Acids - CORRECT ANSWER - Unsaturated fatty acid in which hydrogen
atoms are on opposite sides of double bonds (making more like saturated) *hydrogenation
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Glycemic Index - CORRECT ANSWER - Ranking of effect on blood glucose of a food of
a certain carb relative to an equal amount of carb from a reference food such as white bread or
glucose
Glycemic Load - CORRECT ANSWER - Index of glycemic response after eating specific
foods: Calculated by multiplying glycemic index by amount of available cars in a serving of the
food.
Glucogenic Amino Acid - CORRECT ANSWER - Amino acid used to synthesize glucose
through gluconeogenesis
Ketogenic Amino Acid - CORRECT ANSWER - Amino Acid that breaks down to form
acetyl-CoA and contributes to ketone synthesis
Ketones/Ketone Bodies - CORRECT ANSWER - Molecules formed in liver when there is
not sufficient carb to completely metabolize the two-carbon units produced from fat breakdown
-Ketosis: build up of ketones in blood
Type 1 Diabetes - CORRECT ANSWER - Immune system destroys cells that produce
insulin (juvenile diabetes)
Type 2 Diabetes - CORRECT ANSWER - Insulin resistance and insulin deficiency
Lipids - CORRECT ANSWER - Nonpolar; don;t dissolve in water
Ex: Fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids, sterols
, Triglyceride - CORRECT ANSWER - Major form of lipid in food and body; consists of
one glycerol and three fatty acids
Fatty Acid - CORRECT ANSWER - Chain of carbons linked to hydrogen atoms with acid
at one end and omega (or methyl) at the other end
Phospholipid - CORRECT ANSWER - Glycerol and two fatty acids and phosphate group
Sterol - CORRECT ANSWER - Type of lipid composed of multiple chemical rings; found
in plants and animals.
Ex: Cholesterol
Saturated Fatty Acid - CORRECT ANSWER - No carbon-carbon double bonds; all have
hydrogen atoms. Palmitic has 16 carbons and Stearic has 18 carbons.
Ex: Red meats, butter, cheese, whole milk, tropical oils, etc
Unsaturated Fatty Acids - CORRECT ANSWER - Not all carbons saturated with
hydrogen.
Mono: One carbon-carbon double bond (Oleic)
Poly: two carbon-carbon double bonds
Ex. Omega-3 (Alpha-linolenc); Omega-6 (Linoleic)
Exampls of Unsaturated Fatty Acids - CORRECT ANSWER - Mono: Canola, Olive,
Peanut oils, nuts
Omega-3: Flaxseed, canola oils
Omega-6: Corn, safflower, soybean oils
Trans Fatty Acids - CORRECT ANSWER - Unsaturated fatty acid in which hydrogen
atoms are on opposite sides of double bonds (making more like saturated) *hydrogenation
