NST 10 MIDTERM 2 ACTUAL UPDATED
Questions and CORRECT Answers
complete vs incomplete vs complementary proteins - CORRECT ANSWER - complete:
adequate amounts of all essential amino acids (animal proteins)
incomplete: inadequate amounts of 1+ essential amino acids (plant proteins)
complementary: combining plants to get all amino acids
sources of protein - CORRECT ANSWER - mostly meat, chicken, fish, milk, nuts, eggs,
and many plants
positive vs negative nitrogen balance - CORRECT ANSWER - +: protein intake > protein
loss
-: protein intake < protein loss
protein functions - CORRECT ANSWER - producing vital body structures, maintaining
fluid balance, acid/base balance, forming hormones/enzymes/neurotransmitters, contributing to
immune function, transporting nutrients, forming glucose, providing energy
water soluble vitamins - CORRECT ANSWER - vitamin B complex and C, not enough
storage in body means you much regularly ingest these vitamins
fat soluble vitamins - CORRECT ANSWER - vitamins A, D, E, and K, stored in fat
most important vitamins and minerals - CORRECT ANSWER - vitamin A, iron, zinc,
iodine, and folic acid
iron deficiency - CORRECT ANSWER - most common, causes anemia --> blood contains
low levels of red blood cells, causes fatigue, reduced work capacity, and weakens the immune
system
, vitamin A deficiency - CORRECT ANSWER - causes night blindness, lack of tear
production (corneal scarring and irreversible blindness --> xerothalmia), decreased disease
resistance
zinc deficiency - CORRECT ANSWER - affects the body's ability to heal wounds, grow/
repair body tissue, clot blood, and ensure sound fetal development (growth stunting)
iodine deficiency - CORRECT ANSWER - causes hypothyroidism and goiter (enlarged
thyroid), cognitive dysfunction, increased pregnancy risks
DALYs - CORRECT ANSWER - disability adjusted life years: accounts for years of life
lost (mortality) and years of life lost due to disability (morbidity)
solutions to micronutrient deficiencies - CORRECT ANSWER - supplementation, food
fortification, dietary diversity, biofortification, micronutrient powders (MNPs)
malnutrition - CORRECT ANSWER - any imbalance in protein or nutrient consumption:
obesity, protein-energy malnutrition, and micronutrient deficiencies
protein-energy malnutrition - CORRECT ANSWER - kwashiorkor: enough calories,
inadequate protein (swollen bellies)
marasmus: not enough calories or protein (starving)
cardiovascular disease - CORRECT ANSWER - leading cause of death in the US
non-modifiable risk factors: age, gender, race, genes
modifiable risk factors: cholesterol, high blood pressure, smoking, physical inactivity, obesity,
diabetes
vitamin A - CORRECT ANSWER - all-trans-Retinol (beta-carotenes), photoisomerization
of 11-cis-retinal to all-trans-retinal via opsin proteins
Questions and CORRECT Answers
complete vs incomplete vs complementary proteins - CORRECT ANSWER - complete:
adequate amounts of all essential amino acids (animal proteins)
incomplete: inadequate amounts of 1+ essential amino acids (plant proteins)
complementary: combining plants to get all amino acids
sources of protein - CORRECT ANSWER - mostly meat, chicken, fish, milk, nuts, eggs,
and many plants
positive vs negative nitrogen balance - CORRECT ANSWER - +: protein intake > protein
loss
-: protein intake < protein loss
protein functions - CORRECT ANSWER - producing vital body structures, maintaining
fluid balance, acid/base balance, forming hormones/enzymes/neurotransmitters, contributing to
immune function, transporting nutrients, forming glucose, providing energy
water soluble vitamins - CORRECT ANSWER - vitamin B complex and C, not enough
storage in body means you much regularly ingest these vitamins
fat soluble vitamins - CORRECT ANSWER - vitamins A, D, E, and K, stored in fat
most important vitamins and minerals - CORRECT ANSWER - vitamin A, iron, zinc,
iodine, and folic acid
iron deficiency - CORRECT ANSWER - most common, causes anemia --> blood contains
low levels of red blood cells, causes fatigue, reduced work capacity, and weakens the immune
system
, vitamin A deficiency - CORRECT ANSWER - causes night blindness, lack of tear
production (corneal scarring and irreversible blindness --> xerothalmia), decreased disease
resistance
zinc deficiency - CORRECT ANSWER - affects the body's ability to heal wounds, grow/
repair body tissue, clot blood, and ensure sound fetal development (growth stunting)
iodine deficiency - CORRECT ANSWER - causes hypothyroidism and goiter (enlarged
thyroid), cognitive dysfunction, increased pregnancy risks
DALYs - CORRECT ANSWER - disability adjusted life years: accounts for years of life
lost (mortality) and years of life lost due to disability (morbidity)
solutions to micronutrient deficiencies - CORRECT ANSWER - supplementation, food
fortification, dietary diversity, biofortification, micronutrient powders (MNPs)
malnutrition - CORRECT ANSWER - any imbalance in protein or nutrient consumption:
obesity, protein-energy malnutrition, and micronutrient deficiencies
protein-energy malnutrition - CORRECT ANSWER - kwashiorkor: enough calories,
inadequate protein (swollen bellies)
marasmus: not enough calories or protein (starving)
cardiovascular disease - CORRECT ANSWER - leading cause of death in the US
non-modifiable risk factors: age, gender, race, genes
modifiable risk factors: cholesterol, high blood pressure, smoking, physical inactivity, obesity,
diabetes
vitamin A - CORRECT ANSWER - all-trans-Retinol (beta-carotenes), photoisomerization
of 11-cis-retinal to all-trans-retinal via opsin proteins
