Ano lvhische. chemie, lt ' l-he,orre,
H.4-, o los t- neer:; l g6linrfl
,L T n ie,ciencie.
Oplo"s trqcir heid
Oplosbcorheid (rl : rnoxim<rle hoeveetheicl opsero-€Fe. s hof pe. vo\ unne -
ge,nhe'd vcin hets :'o\venl-
["*or r r'J [S nJ
\ d."- 5ek)ruiv(ch in <sc{cnr13e*'
losb -a
B'v, Z€er Xteine lrocvec.lheid .vcrgl-
{gcl in u)oYcr .-+ qlissoci€re,n in iocren lal
l-oh g.g6sr.^lqcrde, i S
$..\
.}
{\
ne€r.srtg (tr)
o
0
I
0
I 3 onverz'dgiigs5.U.d
oplo3silg '"rn 4gCt / Ag'
o\ \cr-
It a vcrz<:ci$tlgsgebic,<t
ol
+
-f It
nggr5lClg tn ewcni^r.rchh rrreh ogtosiin<r
19 sc, ttgcyyci enn t(&rnl tl2O
4ri ::
Agcr i, ;i Asc,
_i b* * c,-
K',o. 4r., = [ns.] [c' -]
t optosbncrhe.id SProcJue.r e
k€,nt't1erh vac'r
: dyno,ti sch gveni,.r.rchr
-1...^_ ^_t--t evenw'rchts
p ? Lcb.ug:6b,"tl"1nornilcl^'
Algerneen j
Ml.Ayo .€+ xMy'* yA,-
= F4,Ay
t
lAsp, nr,n1 "
[H r-] " [R'-] t
Verbsnd Fusgen de opt6sbccirheid gn
hets oplo.: baorheidsercxjrrc.F
€lj:3ix tt ioJg Jlg rrroj gbcvcg,
S in rnot ll is gc$k tlc5Oq
Sloff.n nneF - K"p urosrdeo -+ 0v v5
S in S/t i5 ..rersctrittend lMl4 r\ tgc'
SFof [e.n ffreF t t(sp t^loore)en
-) t(rp f S f Bv , 49cr vs AgI
ver-ec'hillend # r.no\
Oplosbccirheid (s\ vege[jxen, niet optosbqcrh<icl5,lrcdusr ik:p)
Klp " rnorinnle [io"en] vmrdqk er fi€c.cstlg optreee*F
t{spf [,on"nJf s4
@
,ller rOf1er\Or ccducr
Ton-nprodoer {I"p.l : produ6'
vci6 de' ione^concenhrcFre'
cre rnach' a w€rh1gvg',, Lotr
'9ejjj!n de
crCIn co€ffici€nl- in clc opt",sr€cicrielgt , in de
vers,6clsrstellitg dcil- otles zou oplosscrl "
r"P.
Onverzelsd. oplos:iqg __? geen ne€rslyg
T,P. V 3P s.xcrcl- verecid$de opto.ssilg 4
*9..n ncersl:g
T, P. x"P ove.rverecrdgde oplossrlg ---) neer_:lcrg
42 FccLore.n c-tie" cie k:sk>cir-r i-rcicj b<*in v'trced.:n
fn.., oe.d von dc. l-enr Fuur
["1 eest-q I Tf Xrpt
Inv loe.cl v(fn hret- ftieensclrc: l,( ron (3Xctn1et1
verzod$de oprosritg vcin M X, ;
Mx2u M Z+ .l 2x"
l-oe'.ro1geh \rcrn X- , Le Chdfelier g.we.nr*riChr ncicir tint4.5 4 ttreer nCer'sl q9
= Ge..eenschapp*5x :tron E
[{ect
Sche,rrqt-i.s<,h , V, y,
,).,
M .F 2x"
=
<- f u;rwendg rncer nccrslgg
0 u'irrrlcnd$ ncsrslqg losF ep
tA \dCtn
FiFoFreve neersl
vct\ eeh ion ?9 Feske,renele csncs.ny rcr tr e,
vqn Ccrts ion
V::.I::g-
Bo ( ro.i, rnel- Yrp, l,$"tg's Iooz.1 ?
O,",lM i<TO3 bcrevotgen [Bor'Ji
Bc:(r6llr U * t3cj2, r 2ro3-
v t
Y:p [8o""] . Lrq,-_J"
T "5 +-3 *Zs e 5 l2l)2
N x-5 5 2s 4,6"4o't ; H s3
5 '1,6. to'9
Ll
5a [got"] : Y,tt " /O"" M
il n'e't xt'lc'nlriralief
-) Do (f O3t, nc€rs1e5
@
, Hx03
lleo
i,(
n + IOs-
O,tM
Bo tI'orlr$ Bq r" n 2Eos l(up Ls.'"'] " t.o,r-ln
V
T
X or,{M s' {o,rI\J- xJt
venJoqirlczcn
-5 + s +2.s
N x-5 tl ,b"AO-9: S. Ao.tiL
5 g,.a + 2'
5 [go".J ' A,6 .ro"t M
BO {EO3\Z rreersllg rs Mhranh;ho'fie'fi
=) OPto.rtrocrrheid vcin Bo IIOJ\2 in ooker rs vee,t g.orer
Vgv^\ r(IO., O,.r M . hE boevo_egi,.g
De. recrrFcitsr€eK.5e 'invl oe.d von de pH
: 1$erneensct-rcrppe5x ion ef [ecr_ : OH- o{ H+ rr€effr} dee.t Cic:n rreecgleg
pH
pH = -los [rr.] 1=7 [u,J = ,l}-p*
L AUUr r bosi.rch tq
pt.f * pOH -- .tA
El+*l f Eos"l +
Vo5ibeslq
h--\.r--\--
Mg tOtt'12,1, + M.g"* .r 2otr -
<_ f uilrrrcnd$ Krp.4,,t"4O'^L
mcer fre€r..:log
.1, uibulend:.g
neereltg lo5'r op
u 5P
I ts'n; [ou -1 " e) rp
l(
Iltg".J
forr -f
2
b:i ,pH:4
[out =Ao-,rla Inb""J = Y,4 Ao^T 14 --5
qb pH : ,49 [ou tr , /,t0.,{ M
t\s'{ : Y ,4 - /O-'{ 1..4 :5
=) De op losbcicirlreid ve'. f/s (oulx docrv bi. srjgende
rl
pH.
Ds nee.rslqg \5 l,(tDcinhlhcilie |-J!, htge pH (pu >' At,S\
40t
.l
J
I
gt
./)
o
q
6 P Fl @
, De, Onreclrl-sl-ree tesc. invloe.d vcn cJe pH
tixot-nen
l{e} H + of 0H - ion vormF fneh heh qnioa o[
ko]ioo von de neer'lqg een ni<,uhlc
sl-ob',ele verb.rndip.
ld r=
NoF i.s de, jnvloed ..rqn cle pH
op cle oplosbcqrheid von
Cqlciu!-nOXqlqcrh
CoOx .t, +
?
Cq"' t Ox
t-
+
H* |lOr -
[uoJ t pH + S..,o* t
+
H ftzo.x
K sp, Coox
lcq'.] , [or*J 4,1 . lO -s
V,, ll2Ox, FlOr.- z IH +l
5,6 . ta"2' t\2ox + HOt** H+
IH.o'l
K z,t
, llox",Oxa- [H *f O"'
t : g,r.l . y'o-s l\Ox'- + Oxz-r 2H*
I
mO5.so'bqlqrns , lcqor] [o*] r," lo^"-l ..ffim$'ifSR#;
Conc-envr<:l-re vecr [tiO*-1 en f,UrO*) $chti-ren in fiuncrie voA to"'-J
L+ u,omt voOr r\ \Asp
lco'.' [u "] lor'1 H'lt [o^' 1 tl0X ucrdv ygfgsl\
1 [ox'-) + .i f
V. t- Vz'r' dzz
[c,,t'1 [0"'J t ,+ [H'J
i(zr + fu'12
rr.-1("t
\
)
u'
[o*" J fc*
A+ Err'.1 [u'J
E-+ '(uvtL
!n cle ve,ge$ui1g von (rp st'ev6s6
K"o = Eco'.] tCq "1
t+ ttr'l tu"l
E+ l(uVn-
t Cq 2rl Xup,cciox ( .4+ IH"'l
t Iu*J
Xzr l{2,. l{ )
""
onhreke.rrde. [,n'f -+ efhonne$x vc.n pt{ CoO, + Cqzn * O*2-
Doo. fu.J in k vuiten vinclre. [,colr_l : Vx .v5
s T -> .t 5
N a-.i 5 5
[u-l + '> pr{ f :) [co.l I
@ :) [cor'1 : s
s
O Frt
H.4-, o los t- neer:; l g6linrfl
,L T n ie,ciencie.
Oplo"s trqcir heid
Oplosbcorheid (rl : rnoxim<rle hoeveetheicl opsero-€Fe. s hof pe. vo\ unne -
ge,nhe'd vcin hets :'o\venl-
["*or r r'J [S nJ
\ d."- 5ek)ruiv(ch in <sc{cnr13e*'
losb -a
B'v, Z€er Xteine lrocvec.lheid .vcrgl-
{gcl in u)oYcr .-+ qlissoci€re,n in iocren lal
l-oh g.g6sr.^lqcrde, i S
$..\
.}
{\
ne€r.srtg (tr)
o
0
I
0
I 3 onverz'dgiigs5.U.d
oplo3silg '"rn 4gCt / Ag'
o\ \cr-
It a vcrz<:ci$tlgsgebic,<t
ol
+
-f It
nggr5lClg tn ewcni^r.rchh rrreh ogtosiin<r
19 sc, ttgcyyci enn t(&rnl tl2O
4ri ::
Agcr i, ;i Asc,
_i b* * c,-
K',o. 4r., = [ns.] [c' -]
t optosbncrhe.id SProcJue.r e
k€,nt't1erh vac'r
: dyno,ti sch gveni,.r.rchr
-1...^_ ^_t--t evenw'rchts
p ? Lcb.ug:6b,"tl"1nornilcl^'
Algerneen j
Ml.Ayo .€+ xMy'* yA,-
= F4,Ay
t
lAsp, nr,n1 "
[H r-] " [R'-] t
Verbsnd Fusgen de opt6sbccirheid gn
hets oplo.: baorheidsercxjrrc.F
€lj:3ix tt ioJg Jlg rrroj gbcvcg,
S in rnot ll is gc$k tlc5Oq
Sloff.n nneF - K"p urosrdeo -+ 0v v5
S in S/t i5 ..rersctrittend lMl4 r\ tgc'
SFof [e.n ffreF t t(sp t^loore)en
-) t(rp f S f Bv , 49cr vs AgI
ver-ec'hillend # r.no\
Oplosbccirheid (s\ vege[jxen, niet optosbqcrh<icl5,lrcdusr ik:p)
Klp " rnorinnle [io"en] vmrdqk er fi€c.cstlg optreee*F
t{spf [,on"nJf s4
@
,ller rOf1er\Or ccducr
Ton-nprodoer {I"p.l : produ6'
vci6 de' ione^concenhrcFre'
cre rnach' a w€rh1gvg',, Lotr
'9ejjj!n de
crCIn co€ffici€nl- in clc opt",sr€cicrielgt , in de
vers,6clsrstellitg dcil- otles zou oplosscrl "
r"P.
Onverzelsd. oplos:iqg __? geen ne€rslyg
T,P. V 3P s.xcrcl- verecid$de opto.ssilg 4
*9..n ncersl:g
T, P. x"P ove.rverecrdgde oplossrlg ---) neer_:lcrg
42 FccLore.n c-tie" cie k:sk>cir-r i-rcicj b<*in v'trced.:n
fn.., oe.d von dc. l-enr Fuur
["1 eest-q I Tf Xrpt
Inv loe.cl v(fn hret- ftieensclrc: l,( ron (3Xctn1et1
verzod$de oprosritg vcin M X, ;
Mx2u M Z+ .l 2x"
l-oe'.ro1geh \rcrn X- , Le Chdfelier g.we.nr*riChr ncicir tint4.5 4 ttreer nCer'sl q9
= Ge..eenschapp*5x :tron E
[{ect
Sche,rrqt-i.s<,h , V, y,
,).,
M .F 2x"
=
<- f u;rwendg rncer nccrslgg
0 u'irrrlcnd$ ncsrslqg losF ep
tA \dCtn
FiFoFreve neersl
vct\ eeh ion ?9 Feske,renele csncs.ny rcr tr e,
vqn Ccrts ion
V::.I::g-
Bo ( ro.i, rnel- Yrp, l,$"tg's Iooz.1 ?
O,",lM i<TO3 bcrevotgen [Bor'Ji
Bc:(r6llr U * t3cj2, r 2ro3-
v t
Y:p [8o""] . Lrq,-_J"
T "5 +-3 *Zs e 5 l2l)2
N x-5 5 2s 4,6"4o't ; H s3
5 '1,6. to'9
Ll
5a [got"] : Y,tt " /O"" M
il n'e't xt'lc'nlriralief
-) Do (f O3t, nc€rs1e5
@
, Hx03
lleo
i,(
n + IOs-
O,tM
Bo tI'orlr$ Bq r" n 2Eos l(up Ls.'"'] " t.o,r-ln
V
T
X or,{M s' {o,rI\J- xJt
venJoqirlczcn
-5 + s +2.s
N x-5 tl ,b"AO-9: S. Ao.tiL
5 g,.a + 2'
5 [go".J ' A,6 .ro"t M
BO {EO3\Z rreersllg rs Mhranh;ho'fie'fi
=) OPto.rtrocrrheid vcin Bo IIOJ\2 in ooker rs vee,t g.orer
Vgv^\ r(IO., O,.r M . hE boevo_egi,.g
De. recrrFcitsr€eK.5e 'invl oe.d von de pH
: 1$erneensct-rcrppe5x ion ef [ecr_ : OH- o{ H+ rr€effr} dee.t Cic:n rreecgleg
pH
pH = -los [rr.] 1=7 [u,J = ,l}-p*
L AUUr r bosi.rch tq
pt.f * pOH -- .tA
El+*l f Eos"l +
Vo5ibeslq
h--\.r--\--
Mg tOtt'12,1, + M.g"* .r 2otr -
<_ f uilrrrcnd$ Krp.4,,t"4O'^L
mcer fre€r..:log
.1, uibulend:.g
neereltg lo5'r op
u 5P
I ts'n; [ou -1 " e) rp
l(
Iltg".J
forr -f
2
b:i ,pH:4
[out =Ao-,rla Inb""J = Y,4 Ao^T 14 --5
qb pH : ,49 [ou tr , /,t0.,{ M
t\s'{ : Y ,4 - /O-'{ 1..4 :5
=) De op losbcicirlreid ve'. f/s (oulx docrv bi. srjgende
rl
pH.
Ds nee.rslqg \5 l,(tDcinhlhcilie |-J!, htge pH (pu >' At,S\
40t
.l
J
I
gt
./)
o
q
6 P Fl @
, De, Onreclrl-sl-ree tesc. invloe.d vcn cJe pH
tixot-nen
l{e} H + of 0H - ion vormF fneh heh qnioa o[
ko]ioo von de neer'lqg een ni<,uhlc
sl-ob',ele verb.rndip.
ld r=
NoF i.s de, jnvloed ..rqn cle pH
op cle oplosbcqrheid von
Cqlciu!-nOXqlqcrh
CoOx .t, +
?
Cq"' t Ox
t-
+
H* |lOr -
[uoJ t pH + S..,o* t
+
H ftzo.x
K sp, Coox
lcq'.] , [or*J 4,1 . lO -s
V,, ll2Ox, FlOr.- z IH +l
5,6 . ta"2' t\2ox + HOt** H+
IH.o'l
K z,t
, llox",Oxa- [H *f O"'
t : g,r.l . y'o-s l\Ox'- + Oxz-r 2H*
I
mO5.so'bqlqrns , lcqor] [o*] r," lo^"-l ..ffim$'ifSR#;
Conc-envr<:l-re vecr [tiO*-1 en f,UrO*) $chti-ren in fiuncrie voA to"'-J
L+ u,omt voOr r\ \Asp
lco'.' [u "] lor'1 H'lt [o^' 1 tl0X ucrdv ygfgsl\
1 [ox'-) + .i f
V. t- Vz'r' dzz
[c,,t'1 [0"'J t ,+ [H'J
i(zr + fu'12
rr.-1("t
\
)
u'
[o*" J fc*
A+ Err'.1 [u'J
E-+ '(uvtL
!n cle ve,ge$ui1g von (rp st'ev6s6
K"o = Eco'.] tCq "1
t+ ttr'l tu"l
E+ l(uVn-
t Cq 2rl Xup,cciox ( .4+ IH"'l
t Iu*J
Xzr l{2,. l{ )
""
onhreke.rrde. [,n'f -+ efhonne$x vc.n pt{ CoO, + Cqzn * O*2-
Doo. fu.J in k vuiten vinclre. [,colr_l : Vx .v5
s T -> .t 5
N a-.i 5 5
[u-l + '> pr{ f :) [co.l I
@ :) [cor'1 : s
s
O Frt
