GALEN NSG 3100 – EXAM 1 COMPREHENSIVE
NURSING & ADVANCED CONCEPTS STUDY GUIDE
(2026/2027 UPDATE)
1. The first step in the nursing process is:
A. Assessment
B. Diagnosis
C. Planning
D. Evaluation
Rationale: Assessment collects patient data to guide subsequent steps.
2. A nurse identifies ineffective airway clearance in a patient with
pneumonia. This is an example of:
A. Medical diagnosis
B. Nursing diagnosis
C. Collaborative problem
D. Risk factor analysis
Rationale: Nursing diagnoses focus on patient responses to health
conditions.
3. The primary purpose of a nursing care plan is to:
A. Document medications
B. Guide individualized patient care
C. Replace physician orders
D. Track hospital expenses
Rationale: Care plans organize interventions based on assessment and
diagnosis.
,4. Which action demonstrates patient advocacy?
A. Administering medications on time
B. Speaking up when a physician’s order seems unsafe
C. Documenting vital signs
D. Completing shift report
Rationale: Advocacy protects patient safety and promotes ethical
practice.
5. A nurse assessing pain uses the 0–10 numeric scale. This is an
example of:
A. Subjective data
B. Objective data
C. Secondary source
D. Laboratory data
Rationale: Pain is reported by the patient and cannot be measured
directly.
6. Which statement best describes evidence-based practice?
A. Following hospital policy only
B. Integrating research, clinical expertise, and patient preferences
C. Using tradition and past practices
D. Administering medications per routine
Rationale: Evidence-based practice combines research evidence with
clinical judgment and patient values.
7. Which vital sign change indicates early hypovolemic shock?
A. Bradycardia and hypotension
, B. Tachycardia and normal or slightly low BP
C. Bradycardia and hypertension
D. Normal HR and hypotension
Rationale: Heart rate rises first to compensate for fluid loss.
8. A patient has a blood pressure of 82/50 mmHg. The nurse should:
A. Document and monitor only
B. Notify the provider immediately
C. Administer antihypertensive
D. Encourage oral fluids only
Rationale: Hypotension can be life-threatening and requires prompt
intervention.
9. Which action is part of proper infection control?
A. Administer antibiotics
B. Hand hygiene before and after patient contact
C. Reusing gloves
D. Wearing PPE only during procedures
Rationale: Hand hygiene prevents healthcare-associated infections.
10. Which scenario demonstrates primary prevention?
A. Screening for diabetes
B. Administering childhood immunizations
C. Rehabilitation after stroke
D. Wound care for pressure ulcer
Rationale: Primary prevention aims to prevent disease before it occurs.
NURSING & ADVANCED CONCEPTS STUDY GUIDE
(2026/2027 UPDATE)
1. The first step in the nursing process is:
A. Assessment
B. Diagnosis
C. Planning
D. Evaluation
Rationale: Assessment collects patient data to guide subsequent steps.
2. A nurse identifies ineffective airway clearance in a patient with
pneumonia. This is an example of:
A. Medical diagnosis
B. Nursing diagnosis
C. Collaborative problem
D. Risk factor analysis
Rationale: Nursing diagnoses focus on patient responses to health
conditions.
3. The primary purpose of a nursing care plan is to:
A. Document medications
B. Guide individualized patient care
C. Replace physician orders
D. Track hospital expenses
Rationale: Care plans organize interventions based on assessment and
diagnosis.
,4. Which action demonstrates patient advocacy?
A. Administering medications on time
B. Speaking up when a physician’s order seems unsafe
C. Documenting vital signs
D. Completing shift report
Rationale: Advocacy protects patient safety and promotes ethical
practice.
5. A nurse assessing pain uses the 0–10 numeric scale. This is an
example of:
A. Subjective data
B. Objective data
C. Secondary source
D. Laboratory data
Rationale: Pain is reported by the patient and cannot be measured
directly.
6. Which statement best describes evidence-based practice?
A. Following hospital policy only
B. Integrating research, clinical expertise, and patient preferences
C. Using tradition and past practices
D. Administering medications per routine
Rationale: Evidence-based practice combines research evidence with
clinical judgment and patient values.
7. Which vital sign change indicates early hypovolemic shock?
A. Bradycardia and hypotension
, B. Tachycardia and normal or slightly low BP
C. Bradycardia and hypertension
D. Normal HR and hypotension
Rationale: Heart rate rises first to compensate for fluid loss.
8. A patient has a blood pressure of 82/50 mmHg. The nurse should:
A. Document and monitor only
B. Notify the provider immediately
C. Administer antihypertensive
D. Encourage oral fluids only
Rationale: Hypotension can be life-threatening and requires prompt
intervention.
9. Which action is part of proper infection control?
A. Administer antibiotics
B. Hand hygiene before and after patient contact
C. Reusing gloves
D. Wearing PPE only during procedures
Rationale: Hand hygiene prevents healthcare-associated infections.
10. Which scenario demonstrates primary prevention?
A. Screening for diabetes
B. Administering childhood immunizations
C. Rehabilitation after stroke
D. Wound care for pressure ulcer
Rationale: Primary prevention aims to prevent disease before it occurs.
