METHODS AND TECHNIQUES 2
WEEK 1
Research is of great importance in our daily lives, e.g:
- Politics social media usage in class
- Management crowd management during kinds day
- Advertising/PR google analytics → website, e-commerce
- Journalism/documentaries: google analytics
Research
Research is something that people undertake in order to find out things in a
systematic way, thereby increasing their knowledge.
Characteristics:
- Systematic collection of data
- Systematic interpretation of data
- There is a clear purpose: to find things out
The researcher:
- Independent
- Objective
- Curious
- Sceptical
- Analytical
- Persistent
- Competent
- Experienced
Type of research:
Fundamental: Applied:
- Generating knowledge - Context of problems
- Universal principles - Solutions to problems
- Society, academic practitioner - Professional practitioner
- Universities - HBO/businesses
- Verification - Recommendation
- Scientific verification of evidence - Making knowledge and ideas useful
There is no right and wrong
Difference in approach
Complement each other
,Research topic
Formulating and explaining the research topic is the most important part of the
research project
Finding a topic 1: Brainstorming
- Define a problem
- Ask for ideas
- Make records of all ideas
- There are NO bad ideas
- Continue on ideas of others
- Open-minded
- What is meant with certain ideas
- Choose the most interesting idea
Finding a research topic 2: Delphi method
Delphi method:
- Members of the group can deliver ideas individually and anonymously
- The ideas are spread among members of the group and/or summarized
- Afterwards a new round could be initiated
Objectives
- Descriptive research = gaining insight: assessment/describing a situation
- Explorative research = creating an advice: making recommendations
- Explanatory research = testing: determining relationships between two (or more)
phenomena
- Evaluative research = review plans/campaigns/actions
Sub questions
Break it down into components of information = sub questions
Sub questions are related to the main research questions
Sub questions represent a piece of information that is needed to find an answer to
the whole
Sub questions: type of questions
- Theoretical questions = stipulative meaning, application of theory
- Internal contextual questions = current situation, analytical questions
,- External contextual questions = competition, industry, trends & dev.
WEEK 2
Critical literature review
Literature review
Method to collect, assess, review and examine existing knowledge relating to the
problem statement and/or context of the problem
Knowledge → sources: scientific journals
Books, papers, thesis, archives
Critical literature review
Simple collection and summary of existing knowledge and information
Critical literature review
Assessment and examination of comparing knowledge and information on usability
and relevance
Content literature review
- Internal analysis = describing, reviewing the current situation of the company,
in relation to the problem
- Context and external analysis= development in the industry, relevant, useful
and/or testable trends and developments on meso/macro level, describing
competitors/competition when necessary.
- Theoretical framework = describing, reviewing and examining existing theories,
models and research
Literature sources
Theoretical framework: only scientific literature
Context: relevant literature, industry journals, branche organizations
Evaluating literature
- Relevant
- Recent
- Reliable source
- Original
, Recording literature
- Author
- Year of publication
- Title
- Edition
- Place
- Publisher
Building up literature study
Literature study is an iterative process
- Always look again for information
- Start your literature study immediately
- Build up the text gradually
- Write and delete
- Increase in knowledge to continue your research
Methodological foundation
Philosophy = d
evelopment of the knowledge and the nature of that knowledge
Ontology = clarifies the elements that are viewed as the building blocks of reality.
1. Objectivist = views the world in which social phenomena are not influenced by
social entities, thus can be seen separate. Reality is objective
2. Constructionist = views the world in which social phenomena and their
meaning are shaped by the social entities. They are formed as a consequence
of social actions. Also known as subjectivism.
WEEK 1
Research is of great importance in our daily lives, e.g:
- Politics social media usage in class
- Management crowd management during kinds day
- Advertising/PR google analytics → website, e-commerce
- Journalism/documentaries: google analytics
Research
Research is something that people undertake in order to find out things in a
systematic way, thereby increasing their knowledge.
Characteristics:
- Systematic collection of data
- Systematic interpretation of data
- There is a clear purpose: to find things out
The researcher:
- Independent
- Objective
- Curious
- Sceptical
- Analytical
- Persistent
- Competent
- Experienced
Type of research:
Fundamental: Applied:
- Generating knowledge - Context of problems
- Universal principles - Solutions to problems
- Society, academic practitioner - Professional practitioner
- Universities - HBO/businesses
- Verification - Recommendation
- Scientific verification of evidence - Making knowledge and ideas useful
There is no right and wrong
Difference in approach
Complement each other
,Research topic
Formulating and explaining the research topic is the most important part of the
research project
Finding a topic 1: Brainstorming
- Define a problem
- Ask for ideas
- Make records of all ideas
- There are NO bad ideas
- Continue on ideas of others
- Open-minded
- What is meant with certain ideas
- Choose the most interesting idea
Finding a research topic 2: Delphi method
Delphi method:
- Members of the group can deliver ideas individually and anonymously
- The ideas are spread among members of the group and/or summarized
- Afterwards a new round could be initiated
Objectives
- Descriptive research = gaining insight: assessment/describing a situation
- Explorative research = creating an advice: making recommendations
- Explanatory research = testing: determining relationships between two (or more)
phenomena
- Evaluative research = review plans/campaigns/actions
Sub questions
Break it down into components of information = sub questions
Sub questions are related to the main research questions
Sub questions represent a piece of information that is needed to find an answer to
the whole
Sub questions: type of questions
- Theoretical questions = stipulative meaning, application of theory
- Internal contextual questions = current situation, analytical questions
,- External contextual questions = competition, industry, trends & dev.
WEEK 2
Critical literature review
Literature review
Method to collect, assess, review and examine existing knowledge relating to the
problem statement and/or context of the problem
Knowledge → sources: scientific journals
Books, papers, thesis, archives
Critical literature review
Simple collection and summary of existing knowledge and information
Critical literature review
Assessment and examination of comparing knowledge and information on usability
and relevance
Content literature review
- Internal analysis = describing, reviewing the current situation of the company,
in relation to the problem
- Context and external analysis= development in the industry, relevant, useful
and/or testable trends and developments on meso/macro level, describing
competitors/competition when necessary.
- Theoretical framework = describing, reviewing and examining existing theories,
models and research
Literature sources
Theoretical framework: only scientific literature
Context: relevant literature, industry journals, branche organizations
Evaluating literature
- Relevant
- Recent
- Reliable source
- Original
, Recording literature
- Author
- Year of publication
- Title
- Edition
- Place
- Publisher
Building up literature study
Literature study is an iterative process
- Always look again for information
- Start your literature study immediately
- Build up the text gradually
- Write and delete
- Increase in knowledge to continue your research
Methodological foundation
Philosophy = d
evelopment of the knowledge and the nature of that knowledge
Ontology = clarifies the elements that are viewed as the building blocks of reality.
1. Objectivist = views the world in which social phenomena are not influenced by
social entities, thus can be seen separate. Reality is objective
2. Constructionist = views the world in which social phenomena and their
meaning are shaped by the social entities. They are formed as a consequence
of social actions. Also known as subjectivism.
