ISSA STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING FINAL
EXAM 2026 STUDY GUIDE WITH 100%
CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ A sensory receptor within a muscle that detects changes in length
and helps regulate contraction Answer: Muscle Spindle
◉ Branches of the cell body that act as receivers, collecting
information from other neurons Answer: Dendrites
◉ Muscle contraction is triggered when the following chemical
neurotransmitters binds to receptors on the muscle Answer:
acetylcholine
◉ Division of the peripheral nervous system controls voluntary
movement Answer: somatic nervous system
◉ Type of motor unit can contract for many hours Answer: Slow of
Motor Unit
,◉ Type of motor unit has a large motor neuron & consists of a large
bundle of type IIx muscle fibers Answer: Fast Fatiguable (FF)
◉ Voluntary movement starts in Answer: Cerebral Cortex
◉ The process that allows a muscle spindle to contract at the same
rate as the muscle where it resides Answer: Alpha-gamma Co-
activation
◉ How many nerves are contained within the peripheral nervous
system Answer: 43 Pairs
◉ The muscular system includes how many muscles Answer:
approximately 650
◉ Muscle fiber type that's the largest & produce the most amount of
force Answer: Type IIx
◉ Cross-bridge cycle requires energy, which is provided by Answer:
ATP hydrolysis
◉ The function of epimysium is too Answer: Protect muscle from
friction against other muscles or bone.
,◉ Muscle fiber type has a very small amount of mitochondria
Answer: Type IIx
◉ Make-up of a person's muscle fiber ratio Answer: It can't be
changed to a large degree
◉ Training with heavy loads causes Answer: Equal growth of type I
and type II fibers
◉ Functions like girdles & guy wires to provide an interconnected
structure Answer: Fascia
◉ Three possible mechanisms for inducing hypertrophy Answer:
Mechanical tension, metabolic stress, muscle damage
◉ functional units that can make a muscle shorten Answer:
Sarcomere
◉ Found within the appendicular skeleton Answer: Bones of the
upper & lower extremities
◉ Movement between 2 adjacent vertebrae is made possible by
Answer: Facet Joints
, ◉ Wolff's Law Answer: The body responds by increasing or
decreasing the bone's diameter
◉ Cartilage plays important rolls such as Answer: Bone
development
◉ Mature bone cells that maintain a bone's matrix Answer:
Osteocytes
◉ Bone on bone contact that results in joint pain Answer:
osteoarthritis
◉ Elastin allows tissues too Answer: regain their original shape after
being stretched
◉ The main part or shaft of a long bone Answer: Diaphysis
◉ Frontal plane is an imaginary plane that divides the body into
Answer: Anterior & posterior
◉ Angle that a joint rotates around its axis Answer: The direction of
rotation
EXAM 2026 STUDY GUIDE WITH 100%
CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ A sensory receptor within a muscle that detects changes in length
and helps regulate contraction Answer: Muscle Spindle
◉ Branches of the cell body that act as receivers, collecting
information from other neurons Answer: Dendrites
◉ Muscle contraction is triggered when the following chemical
neurotransmitters binds to receptors on the muscle Answer:
acetylcholine
◉ Division of the peripheral nervous system controls voluntary
movement Answer: somatic nervous system
◉ Type of motor unit can contract for many hours Answer: Slow of
Motor Unit
,◉ Type of motor unit has a large motor neuron & consists of a large
bundle of type IIx muscle fibers Answer: Fast Fatiguable (FF)
◉ Voluntary movement starts in Answer: Cerebral Cortex
◉ The process that allows a muscle spindle to contract at the same
rate as the muscle where it resides Answer: Alpha-gamma Co-
activation
◉ How many nerves are contained within the peripheral nervous
system Answer: 43 Pairs
◉ The muscular system includes how many muscles Answer:
approximately 650
◉ Muscle fiber type that's the largest & produce the most amount of
force Answer: Type IIx
◉ Cross-bridge cycle requires energy, which is provided by Answer:
ATP hydrolysis
◉ The function of epimysium is too Answer: Protect muscle from
friction against other muscles or bone.
,◉ Muscle fiber type has a very small amount of mitochondria
Answer: Type IIx
◉ Make-up of a person's muscle fiber ratio Answer: It can't be
changed to a large degree
◉ Training with heavy loads causes Answer: Equal growth of type I
and type II fibers
◉ Functions like girdles & guy wires to provide an interconnected
structure Answer: Fascia
◉ Three possible mechanisms for inducing hypertrophy Answer:
Mechanical tension, metabolic stress, muscle damage
◉ functional units that can make a muscle shorten Answer:
Sarcomere
◉ Found within the appendicular skeleton Answer: Bones of the
upper & lower extremities
◉ Movement between 2 adjacent vertebrae is made possible by
Answer: Facet Joints
, ◉ Wolff's Law Answer: The body responds by increasing or
decreasing the bone's diameter
◉ Cartilage plays important rolls such as Answer: Bone
development
◉ Mature bone cells that maintain a bone's matrix Answer:
Osteocytes
◉ Bone on bone contact that results in joint pain Answer:
osteoarthritis
◉ Elastin allows tissues too Answer: regain their original shape after
being stretched
◉ The main part or shaft of a long bone Answer: Diaphysis
◉ Frontal plane is an imaginary plane that divides the body into
Answer: Anterior & posterior
◉ Angle that a joint rotates around its axis Answer: The direction of
rotation
