NUR2063 Exam 1 2026 Questions and
Answers
Homeostasis - Correct answer-•state of equilibrium or balance within and organism
•Fluids and electrolytes exist within the body, are dynamic in nature, and are
maintained in constant balance, or homeostasis, within the body
fluid volume deficit - Correct answer-•Fluid deficit occurs when total body fluid
levels (mostly water) are insufficient to meet the body's needs may also be referred
to as dehydration
•Fluid volume deficits may result from vomiting and diarrhea
Fluid Volume Excess - Correct answer-•Daily fluid intake should equal the amount
of fluid lost
•Third spacing: significant fluid increases in the transcellular compartment, which
does not exchange easily among other ECFs
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,Types: Edema, Water intoxication
Eukaryote - Correct answer-•is any cell or organism that possesses a defined
nucleus
Mitochondria - Correct answer-•Have own DNA and ribosomes
•Produces adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for energy
what happens When arterial blood pressure decreases - Correct answer-•renin is
released from the kidneys and works on angiotensinogen (from the liver),
converting it to angiotensin I.
What is the role of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, antidiuretic hormone
(ADH), and natriuretic peptides - Correct answer-Control of fluid and electrolyte
balances is maintained
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) also assist in - Correct answer-
•maintaining blood pressure and intravascular fluid status
What happens when renin converts angiotensinogen (from the liver), converting
into angiotensin I - Correct answer-•Angiotensin I is then converted to angiotensin
II in the lungs by angiotensin-converting enzymes
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,what is the role of Angiotensin II - Correct answer-•is a potent vasoconstrictor that
also stimulates the release of aldosterone
What produces Aldosterone - Correct answer-Hyopthalamus
What releases Aldosterone and why - Correct answer-The adrenal cortex releases
and releases in response to changes in blood osmolality
What is the role of Aldosterone - Correct answer-promotes the retention of the
sodium and water in the kidneys, restoring blood volume
directly influences water reabsorption in the distal tubules and collecting ducts in
the kidneys
What may cause Fluid volume deficient - Correct answer-•hemorrhage, excessive
loss of GI fluids (e.g., vomiting, diarrhea).
What are the symptoms of Fluid volume deficient - Correct answer-thirst, weight
loss, lungs clear to auscultation, tachycardic.
What may cause fluid volume excess - Correct answer-•heart failure, end-stage
kidney failure, etc.
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, What are the symptoms of Fluid volume excess (FVE) - Correct answer-•crackles
in the lungs, hypertension, bounding pulses.
Where is the highest loss of daily fluids - Correct answer-in the urinary tract
Osmosis - Correct answer-•process which water travels through a selectively
permeable membrane so the concentrations of a substance that is soluble in water
(solutes) are the same on both sides of the membrane. (ex. movement of water
between the interstitial and intracellular compartments).
what type of movement is osmosis - Correct answer-Through osmosis water
passively moves from an area of lower particle concentration to an area of higher
particle concentration.
Where does Potassium mostly exist in the body - Correct answer-•exists
predominately in the intracellular fluid whereas sodium and chloride exists
predominately in extracellular fluid.
hypokalemia - Correct answer-When potassium levels in the body is less than 3.5
mEq/L
hyperkalemia - Correct answer-When potassium levels in the body is greater than 5
mEq/L
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Answers
Homeostasis - Correct answer-•state of equilibrium or balance within and organism
•Fluids and electrolytes exist within the body, are dynamic in nature, and are
maintained in constant balance, or homeostasis, within the body
fluid volume deficit - Correct answer-•Fluid deficit occurs when total body fluid
levels (mostly water) are insufficient to meet the body's needs may also be referred
to as dehydration
•Fluid volume deficits may result from vomiting and diarrhea
Fluid Volume Excess - Correct answer-•Daily fluid intake should equal the amount
of fluid lost
•Third spacing: significant fluid increases in the transcellular compartment, which
does not exchange easily among other ECFs
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,Types: Edema, Water intoxication
Eukaryote - Correct answer-•is any cell or organism that possesses a defined
nucleus
Mitochondria - Correct answer-•Have own DNA and ribosomes
•Produces adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for energy
what happens When arterial blood pressure decreases - Correct answer-•renin is
released from the kidneys and works on angiotensinogen (from the liver),
converting it to angiotensin I.
What is the role of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, antidiuretic hormone
(ADH), and natriuretic peptides - Correct answer-Control of fluid and electrolyte
balances is maintained
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) also assist in - Correct answer-
•maintaining blood pressure and intravascular fluid status
What happens when renin converts angiotensinogen (from the liver), converting
into angiotensin I - Correct answer-•Angiotensin I is then converted to angiotensin
II in the lungs by angiotensin-converting enzymes
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,what is the role of Angiotensin II - Correct answer-•is a potent vasoconstrictor that
also stimulates the release of aldosterone
What produces Aldosterone - Correct answer-Hyopthalamus
What releases Aldosterone and why - Correct answer-The adrenal cortex releases
and releases in response to changes in blood osmolality
What is the role of Aldosterone - Correct answer-promotes the retention of the
sodium and water in the kidneys, restoring blood volume
directly influences water reabsorption in the distal tubules and collecting ducts in
the kidneys
What may cause Fluid volume deficient - Correct answer-•hemorrhage, excessive
loss of GI fluids (e.g., vomiting, diarrhea).
What are the symptoms of Fluid volume deficient - Correct answer-thirst, weight
loss, lungs clear to auscultation, tachycardic.
What may cause fluid volume excess - Correct answer-•heart failure, end-stage
kidney failure, etc.
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
, What are the symptoms of Fluid volume excess (FVE) - Correct answer-•crackles
in the lungs, hypertension, bounding pulses.
Where is the highest loss of daily fluids - Correct answer-in the urinary tract
Osmosis - Correct answer-•process which water travels through a selectively
permeable membrane so the concentrations of a substance that is soluble in water
(solutes) are the same on both sides of the membrane. (ex. movement of water
between the interstitial and intracellular compartments).
what type of movement is osmosis - Correct answer-Through osmosis water
passively moves from an area of lower particle concentration to an area of higher
particle concentration.
Where does Potassium mostly exist in the body - Correct answer-•exists
predominately in the intracellular fluid whereas sodium and chloride exists
predominately in extracellular fluid.
hypokalemia - Correct answer-When potassium levels in the body is less than 3.5
mEq/L
hyperkalemia - Correct answer-When potassium levels in the body is greater than 5
mEq/L
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
