NUR 2063 - Exam 2 2026 Questions and
Answers
What causes rigid abdomen in Peritonitis? - Correct answer-Develops because of a
reflexive abdominal muscle spasm that occurs. Inflamed tissue creates abdominal
tenderness and pain that worsen with movement
What disorder results in Mechanical Bowel Obstruction? - Correct answer-
Intestinal Obstruction
The cause of Hiatal Hernia - Correct answer-Occurs when a section of the stomach
protrudes upward through an opening (hiatus) in the diaphragm toward the thoracic
cavity. The hiatus develops from weakening of the diaphragm muscle, frequently
resulting from increased intrathoracic pressure (e.g., coughing, vomiting, or
straining to defecate) or increased intra-abdominal pressure (e.g., pregnancy and
obesity). Other causes of a hiatus include trauma and congenital defects.
Cause of diarrhea with antibiotic ingestion - Correct answer-Antibiotics destroy
some of these bacteria, which allow other types to grow too much. In some cases,
antibiotics can allow a type of bacteria called Clostridioides difficile to grow too
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,much. This can lead to severe, watery, and often bloody diarrhea called
pseudomembranous colitis
Causative of Peptic Ulcer Disease - Correct answer-Develops because of an
imbalance between destructive forces (e.g., excess acid production) and protective
mechanisms (e.g., decreased mucus production) induced by a secondary process
rather than an innate defect. The most common causes of peptic ulcers are infection
with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and long-term use of
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin
IB, others) and naproxen sodium (Aleve)
Cause of Chronic Pancreatitis - Correct answer-Alcoholism
Define Intussusception - Correct answer-Telescoping of a portion of the intestine
into another portion
Cause of Heartburn - Correct answer-Occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter
relaxes, allowing the acidic contents of the stomach to reflux into the esophagus.
The most common cause is food that's acidic or high in fat—like citrus fruits,
tomatoes, onions, chocolate, coffee, cheese, and peppermint. Spicy foods or large
meals can also be the root of distress. Other sources of heartburn include aspirin or
ibuprofen, as well as some sedatives and blood pressure medications.
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, Fecal Impaction/Mechanical Bowel Obstruction - Correct answer-Colon narrowed
by scar tissue, Diverticulum filled with feces, Inflammation, Telescoping of ileum
inside adjacent section of colon, Blood vessels drawn in between layers and
compressed, and Ileum appendix
Cause of Acute Pancreatitis - Correct answer-Cholelithiasis
Hepatitis A-E - Correct answer-See notes
Cleft Lip and Palate - Correct answer-Cleft lip and palate are birth defects that
occur when soft tissues of the lip or mouth do not form properly. Cleft lip and
palate may occur either together or separately. These conditions usually develop in
the second month of pregnancy, when the fetus's facial structures are forming.
Every year in the United States, approximately 2,650 babies are born with cleft
palate and approximately 4,440 babies are born with a cleft lip with or without a
cleft palate. Maternal smoking, preexisting diabetes, and seizure medication use
(especially in the first trimester) are significant risk factors. Additionally, these
defects are more prevalent in Native Americans and Asian Americans, with African
Americans having the lowest prevalence.
The deformities with cleft lip and palate may be unilateral or bilateral. The severity
of the deformity ranges from a mild notch to involvement of the lip, palate, and
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
Answers
What causes rigid abdomen in Peritonitis? - Correct answer-Develops because of a
reflexive abdominal muscle spasm that occurs. Inflamed tissue creates abdominal
tenderness and pain that worsen with movement
What disorder results in Mechanical Bowel Obstruction? - Correct answer-
Intestinal Obstruction
The cause of Hiatal Hernia - Correct answer-Occurs when a section of the stomach
protrudes upward through an opening (hiatus) in the diaphragm toward the thoracic
cavity. The hiatus develops from weakening of the diaphragm muscle, frequently
resulting from increased intrathoracic pressure (e.g., coughing, vomiting, or
straining to defecate) or increased intra-abdominal pressure (e.g., pregnancy and
obesity). Other causes of a hiatus include trauma and congenital defects.
Cause of diarrhea with antibiotic ingestion - Correct answer-Antibiotics destroy
some of these bacteria, which allow other types to grow too much. In some cases,
antibiotics can allow a type of bacteria called Clostridioides difficile to grow too
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,much. This can lead to severe, watery, and often bloody diarrhea called
pseudomembranous colitis
Causative of Peptic Ulcer Disease - Correct answer-Develops because of an
imbalance between destructive forces (e.g., excess acid production) and protective
mechanisms (e.g., decreased mucus production) induced by a secondary process
rather than an innate defect. The most common causes of peptic ulcers are infection
with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and long-term use of
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin
IB, others) and naproxen sodium (Aleve)
Cause of Chronic Pancreatitis - Correct answer-Alcoholism
Define Intussusception - Correct answer-Telescoping of a portion of the intestine
into another portion
Cause of Heartburn - Correct answer-Occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter
relaxes, allowing the acidic contents of the stomach to reflux into the esophagus.
The most common cause is food that's acidic or high in fat—like citrus fruits,
tomatoes, onions, chocolate, coffee, cheese, and peppermint. Spicy foods or large
meals can also be the root of distress. Other sources of heartburn include aspirin or
ibuprofen, as well as some sedatives and blood pressure medications.
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
, Fecal Impaction/Mechanical Bowel Obstruction - Correct answer-Colon narrowed
by scar tissue, Diverticulum filled with feces, Inflammation, Telescoping of ileum
inside adjacent section of colon, Blood vessels drawn in between layers and
compressed, and Ileum appendix
Cause of Acute Pancreatitis - Correct answer-Cholelithiasis
Hepatitis A-E - Correct answer-See notes
Cleft Lip and Palate - Correct answer-Cleft lip and palate are birth defects that
occur when soft tissues of the lip or mouth do not form properly. Cleft lip and
palate may occur either together or separately. These conditions usually develop in
the second month of pregnancy, when the fetus's facial structures are forming.
Every year in the United States, approximately 2,650 babies are born with cleft
palate and approximately 4,440 babies are born with a cleft lip with or without a
cleft palate. Maternal smoking, preexisting diabetes, and seizure medication use
(especially in the first trimester) are significant risk factors. Additionally, these
defects are more prevalent in Native Americans and Asian Americans, with African
Americans having the lowest prevalence.
The deformities with cleft lip and palate may be unilateral or bilateral. The severity
of the deformity ranges from a mild notch to involvement of the lip, palate, and
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
