EPALS UPDATED EXAMINATION TEST 2026
SOLVED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
◉ Secondary cardiopulmonary arrest. Answer: Hypoxia and underlying
illness
◉ How does hypoxia lead to arrest. Answer: Tissue hypoxia >
myocardial dysfunction > bradycardia > asysole/PEA
◉ Anatomical differences with an infant. Answer: Narrower, smaller
airways
More prone to oedema
Pliable
Pronounced occiput
Large tongue
◉ Main determinant of co2 removal. Answer: Minute ventilation
◉ Minute ventilation equation. Answer: Tidal volume x respiratory rate
◉ Circulating volume of a newborn. Answer: 80ml/kg
, ◉ Resp rate range <1. Answer: 30-40/min
◉ Resp range 1-2. Answer: 26-34/min
◉ Resp range 2-5. Answer: 24-30/min
◉ Resp range 5-12. Answer: 20-24/min
◉ Resp range >12. Answer: 12-20/min
◉ HR Newborn - 3 months. Answer: 85-205
◉ HR 3 months - 2 year. Answer: 100-180
◉ HR 2-10 years. Answer: 60-140
◉ HR >10 years. Answer: 60-100
◉ WETFLAG. Answer: Weight (age+4)*2
Energy 4J/kg
Tube age/4 + 4
SOLVED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
◉ Secondary cardiopulmonary arrest. Answer: Hypoxia and underlying
illness
◉ How does hypoxia lead to arrest. Answer: Tissue hypoxia >
myocardial dysfunction > bradycardia > asysole/PEA
◉ Anatomical differences with an infant. Answer: Narrower, smaller
airways
More prone to oedema
Pliable
Pronounced occiput
Large tongue
◉ Main determinant of co2 removal. Answer: Minute ventilation
◉ Minute ventilation equation. Answer: Tidal volume x respiratory rate
◉ Circulating volume of a newborn. Answer: 80ml/kg
, ◉ Resp rate range <1. Answer: 30-40/min
◉ Resp range 1-2. Answer: 26-34/min
◉ Resp range 2-5. Answer: 24-30/min
◉ Resp range 5-12. Answer: 20-24/min
◉ Resp range >12. Answer: 12-20/min
◉ HR Newborn - 3 months. Answer: 85-205
◉ HR 3 months - 2 year. Answer: 100-180
◉ HR 2-10 years. Answer: 60-140
◉ HR >10 years. Answer: 60-100
◉ WETFLAG. Answer: Weight (age+4)*2
Energy 4J/kg
Tube age/4 + 4