EPALS UPDATED COMPREHENSIVE EXAM 2026
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
◉ Paediatric breathing differences. Answer: - small resting lung volume
so low o2 reserve
- relies on diaphragm more than muscles
◉ Paediatric circulation differences. Answer: Circulating vol newborn =
80 ml/ kg
Decreases to around 60-70ml/kg in adulthood
MAP more accurate than systolic BP
◉ Strider. Answer: upper airway narrowing or obstruction, loud-high
pitched breath sound
◉ Wheezing. Answer: A high-pitched, whistling breath sound that is
most prominent on expiration, and which suggests an obstruction or
narrowing of the lower airways; occurs in asthma and bronchiolitis.
◉ grunting. Answer: An "uh" sound heard during exhalation; reflects the
child's attempt to keep the alveoli open; a sign of increased work of
breathing.
, ◉ 5 categories of shock. Answer: - Hypovolemic
- Cardiogenic
- Distributive
- Obstructive
- Dissociative
◉ distributive shock. Answer: Inadequate distribution of blood, flow
insufficient for the demand of the tissues. Eg - anaphylaxis, sepsis
◉ Obstructive shock. Answer: Shock that occurs when there is a block
to blood flow in the heart or great vessels, causing an insufficient blood
supply to the body's tissues. Eg cardiac tamponade, tension
pneumothorax
◉ Dissociative shock. Answer: Something that does not allow O2 to
reach the cells. Eg: CO posioning and anaemia
◉ Cardiac output. Answer: heart rate x stroke volume
◉ Central pulse points. Answer: Carotid, femoral and brachial
COMPARE THESE WITH PERIPHERAL (RADIAL)
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
◉ Paediatric breathing differences. Answer: - small resting lung volume
so low o2 reserve
- relies on diaphragm more than muscles
◉ Paediatric circulation differences. Answer: Circulating vol newborn =
80 ml/ kg
Decreases to around 60-70ml/kg in adulthood
MAP more accurate than systolic BP
◉ Strider. Answer: upper airway narrowing or obstruction, loud-high
pitched breath sound
◉ Wheezing. Answer: A high-pitched, whistling breath sound that is
most prominent on expiration, and which suggests an obstruction or
narrowing of the lower airways; occurs in asthma and bronchiolitis.
◉ grunting. Answer: An "uh" sound heard during exhalation; reflects the
child's attempt to keep the alveoli open; a sign of increased work of
breathing.
, ◉ 5 categories of shock. Answer: - Hypovolemic
- Cardiogenic
- Distributive
- Obstructive
- Dissociative
◉ distributive shock. Answer: Inadequate distribution of blood, flow
insufficient for the demand of the tissues. Eg - anaphylaxis, sepsis
◉ Obstructive shock. Answer: Shock that occurs when there is a block
to blood flow in the heart or great vessels, causing an insufficient blood
supply to the body's tissues. Eg cardiac tamponade, tension
pneumothorax
◉ Dissociative shock. Answer: Something that does not allow O2 to
reach the cells. Eg: CO posioning and anaemia
◉ Cardiac output. Answer: heart rate x stroke volume
◉ Central pulse points. Answer: Carotid, femoral and brachial
COMPARE THESE WITH PERIPHERAL (RADIAL)
