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Test Bank ADVANCED HEALTH ASSESSMENT &
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CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS IN PRIMARY CARE, 6TH EDITION
Joyce E. Dains, Linda Ciofu Baumann & Pamela Scheibel
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Question & Answers includes Rationales End Chapter|A+ Graded
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2|Page
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Chapter 1: Clinical Reasoning, Differential Diagnosis, Evidence-Based Practice, and Symptom Analysis
Multiple Choice
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Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.Which type of clinical decision-making is most reliable?
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A. Intuitive
B. Analytical
C. Experiential
D. Augenblick
2.Which of the following is false? To obtain adequate history, health-care providers must be:
A. Methodical and systematic
B. Attentive to the patient’s verbal and nonverbal language
C. Able to accurately interpret the patient’s responses
D. Adept at reading into the patient’s statements
3.Essential parts of a health history include all of the following except:
A. Chief complaint
B. History of the present illness
C. Current vital signs
D. All of the above are essential history components
4.Which of the following is false? While performing the physical examination, the examiner must be able
to:
A. Differentiate between normal and abnormal findings
B. Recall knowledge of a range of conditions and their associated signs and symptoms
C. Recognize how certain conditions affect the response to other conditions
D. Foresee unpredictable findings
5.The following is the least reliable source of information for diagnostic statistics:
A. Evidence-based investigations
B. Primary reports of research
C. Estimation based on a provider’s experience
D. Published meta-analyses
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6.The following can be used to assist in sound clinical decision-making:
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A. Algorithm published in a peer-reviewed journal article
B. Clinical practice guidelines
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C. Evidence-based research
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D. All of the above
7.If a diagnostic study has high sensitivity, this indicates a:
A. High percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result
B. Low percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result
C. Low likelihood of normal result in persons without a given condition
D. None of the above
8.If a diagnostic study has high specificity, this indicates a:
A. Low percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result
B. High percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result
C. High percentage of individuals with a disorder will show a normal result
D. Low percentage of individuals with a disorder will show an abnormal result
9. A likelihood ratio above 1 indicates that a diagnostic test showing a:
A. Positive result is strongly associated with the disease
B. Negative result is strongly associated with absence of the disease
C. Positive result is weakly associated with the disease
D. Negative result is weakly associated with absence of the disease
10.Which of the following clinical reasoning tools is defined as evidence-based resource based on
mathematical modeling to express the likelihood of a condition in select situations, settings, and/or
patients?
A. Clinical practice guideline
B. Clinical decision rule
C. Clinical algorithm
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4|Page
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Chapter 1: Clinical reasoning, differential diagnosis, evidence-based practice, and symptom ana
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Answer Section
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MULTIPLE CHOICE
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1. ANS: B
Croskerry (2009) describes two major types of clinical diagnostic decision-making: intuitive and
analytical. Intuitive decision- making (similar to Augenblink decision-making) is based on the experience
and intuition of the clinician and is less reliable and paired with fairly common errors. In contrast,
analytical decision-making is based on careful consideration and has greater reliability with rare errors.
PTS: 1
2. ANS: D
To obtain adequate history, providers must be well organized, attentive to the patient’s verbal and
nonverbal language, and able to accurately interpret the patient’s responses to questions. Rather than
reading into the patient’s statements, they clarify any areas of uncertainty.
PTS: 1
3. ANS: C
Vital signs are part of the physical examination portion of patient assessment, not part of the health
history.
PTS: 1
4. ANS: D
While performing the physical examination, the examiner must be able to differentiate between normal
and abnormal findings, recall knowledge of a range of conditions, including their associated signs and
symptoms, recognize how certain conditions affect the response to other conditions, and distinguish the
relevance of varied abnormal findings.
PTS: 1
5. ANS: C
Sources for diagnostic statistics include textbooks, primary reports of research, and published meta-
analyses. Another source of statistics, the one that has been most widely used and available for
application to the reasoning process, is the estimation based on a provider’s experience, although these
1|Page
nfi
Test Bank ADVANCED HEALTH ASSESSMENT &
de
CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS IN PRIMARY CARE, 6TH EDITION
Joyce E. Dains, Linda Ciofu Baumann & Pamela Scheibel
n
Question & Answers includes Rationales End Chapter|A+ Graded
al
, Co
2|Page
nfi
Chapter 1: Clinical Reasoning, Differential Diagnosis, Evidence-Based Practice, and Symptom Analysis
Multiple Choice
de
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
n
1.Which type of clinical decision-making is most reliable?
al
A. Intuitive
B. Analytical
C. Experiential
D. Augenblick
2.Which of the following is false? To obtain adequate history, health-care providers must be:
A. Methodical and systematic
B. Attentive to the patient’s verbal and nonverbal language
C. Able to accurately interpret the patient’s responses
D. Adept at reading into the patient’s statements
3.Essential parts of a health history include all of the following except:
A. Chief complaint
B. History of the present illness
C. Current vital signs
D. All of the above are essential history components
4.Which of the following is false? While performing the physical examination, the examiner must be able
to:
A. Differentiate between normal and abnormal findings
B. Recall knowledge of a range of conditions and their associated signs and symptoms
C. Recognize how certain conditions affect the response to other conditions
D. Foresee unpredictable findings
5.The following is the least reliable source of information for diagnostic statistics:
A. Evidence-based investigations
B. Primary reports of research
C. Estimation based on a provider’s experience
D. Published meta-analyses
, Co
3|Page
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6.The following can be used to assist in sound clinical decision-making:
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A. Algorithm published in a peer-reviewed journal article
B. Clinical practice guidelines
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C. Evidence-based research
al
D. All of the above
7.If a diagnostic study has high sensitivity, this indicates a:
A. High percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result
B. Low percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result
C. Low likelihood of normal result in persons without a given condition
D. None of the above
8.If a diagnostic study has high specificity, this indicates a:
A. Low percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result
B. High percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result
C. High percentage of individuals with a disorder will show a normal result
D. Low percentage of individuals with a disorder will show an abnormal result
9. A likelihood ratio above 1 indicates that a diagnostic test showing a:
A. Positive result is strongly associated with the disease
B. Negative result is strongly associated with absence of the disease
C. Positive result is weakly associated with the disease
D. Negative result is weakly associated with absence of the disease
10.Which of the following clinical reasoning tools is defined as evidence-based resource based on
mathematical modeling to express the likelihood of a condition in select situations, settings, and/or
patients?
A. Clinical practice guideline
B. Clinical decision rule
C. Clinical algorithm
, Co
4|Page
nfi
Chapter 1: Clinical reasoning, differential diagnosis, evidence-based practice, and symptom ana
de
Answer Section
n
MULTIPLE CHOICE
al
1. ANS: B
Croskerry (2009) describes two major types of clinical diagnostic decision-making: intuitive and
analytical. Intuitive decision- making (similar to Augenblink decision-making) is based on the experience
and intuition of the clinician and is less reliable and paired with fairly common errors. In contrast,
analytical decision-making is based on careful consideration and has greater reliability with rare errors.
PTS: 1
2. ANS: D
To obtain adequate history, providers must be well organized, attentive to the patient’s verbal and
nonverbal language, and able to accurately interpret the patient’s responses to questions. Rather than
reading into the patient’s statements, they clarify any areas of uncertainty.
PTS: 1
3. ANS: C
Vital signs are part of the physical examination portion of patient assessment, not part of the health
history.
PTS: 1
4. ANS: D
While performing the physical examination, the examiner must be able to differentiate between normal
and abnormal findings, recall knowledge of a range of conditions, including their associated signs and
symptoms, recognize how certain conditions affect the response to other conditions, and distinguish the
relevance of varied abnormal findings.
PTS: 1
5. ANS: C
Sources for diagnostic statistics include textbooks, primary reports of research, and published meta-
analyses. Another source of statistics, the one that has been most widely used and available for
application to the reasoning process, is the estimation based on a provider’s experience, although these
