BIO 111 Final Exam Review UPDATED
Questions and CORRECT Answers
What is Biology - CORRECT ANSWER The study of life
What is PCR - CORRECT ANSWER polymerase chain reaction
Cell Divison is used by Multicellular organisms for - CORRECT ANSWER Growth &
Development
Maintenance
Cell & Tissue repair
Cell Division is used by single celled organisms for - CORRECT ANSWER Reproduction
DNA replication occurs - CORRECT ANSWER prior to cell division
Prokaryotic cell division - CORRECT ANSWER binary fission: splits in 2, exact copies,
quick and efficient with few mutations, but reduces amount of genetic variation
DO NOT GO THROUGH MITOSIS
Prokaryotes - CORRECT ANSWER genome consists of 1 double -stranded, circular DNA
molecule
Eukaryotes - CORRECT ANSWER consists of several double-stranded DNA molecules in
forms of the chromosomes
Consists of chromatin - CORRECT ANSWER A complex of DNA and protein that
condenses during cell division.
,Red blood cells - CORRECT ANSWER no DNA
Gametes - CORRECT ANSWER 1 copy of each chromosome
Somatic Cells - CORRECT ANSWER 2 copies of each chromosome
Eukaryotic chromosomes - CORRECT ANSWER are replicated/duplicated
Each chromosome has 2 sister chromatids and separate during cell division
Somatic cells - CORRECT ANSWER Any cells in the body other than reproductive cells
2 matching sets of Chromosomes
Gametes Cell - CORRECT ANSWER Egg and Sperm cells
1/2 of the number of chromosomes
Karyotype - CORRECT ANSWER A display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged
by size and shape.
Interphase - CORRECT ANSWER period of the cell cycle between cell divisions
Mitotic Phase - CORRECT ANSWER stage of the cell cycle when a cell is actively
dividing
Mitosis - CORRECT ANSWER Division of the nucleus
Cytokinesis - CORRECT ANSWER Division of the cytoplasm
,G1 phase - CORRECT ANSWER The first gap, or growth phase, of the cell cycle,
consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins.
S phase - CORRECT ANSWER The synthesis phase of the cell cycle; the portion of
interphase during which DNA is replicated.
G2 phase - CORRECT ANSWER The second growth phase of the cell cycle, consisting of
the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs.
energy is replenished
organelles reproduce
Cytoskeleton breaks down
mitosis 5 stages - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Prophase
2. Prometaphase
3. Metaphase
4. Anaphase
5. Telophase
Prophase - CORRECT ANSWER -Nuclear envelope breaks down.
-Membranous organelles disperse toward edges of the cell.
-The nucleolus disappears.
-Centrosomes begin migration to poles.
-Microtubules of the spindle form.
-Sister chromatids coil tighter (aided by condensin proteins)
Prometaphase - CORRECT ANSWER The second stage of mitosis, in which the nuclear
envelope fragments and the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of the chromosomes.
Metaphase - CORRECT ANSWER Chromosomes line up along the metaphase plate.
, Sister chromatids remain attached by cohesion proteins.
mitotic spindle - CORRECT ANSWER An apparatus of microtubules that controls
chromosome movement
during mitosis.
-Arises from the centromeres
-Includes spindle microtubules and asters
Attach to the kinetochores of chromosomes and move the chromosomes to the metaphase plate.
Anaphase - CORRECT ANSWER -Cohesin proteins degenerate allowing chromatids to
separate.
-Separated sister chromatids move in opposite directions toward the centrosomes to which their
microtubules are attached.
-The cell elongates.
Telophase - CORRECT ANSWER -Chromosomes reach opposite poles and begin to
decondense (unravel)
- Spindles depolymerize to tubulin monomers that will form cytoskeletal components for the
daughter cells.
-Nuclear envelopes form around the chromosomes, and nucleosomes appear within the nuclear
area.
cytokinesis in plant cells - CORRECT ANSWER cell plate forms
Cytokinesis in animal cells - CORRECT ANSWER cleavage furrow forms and cell
pinches in two
3 checkpoints in cell cycle - CORRECT ANSWER G1, G2, Metaphase
Questions and CORRECT Answers
What is Biology - CORRECT ANSWER The study of life
What is PCR - CORRECT ANSWER polymerase chain reaction
Cell Divison is used by Multicellular organisms for - CORRECT ANSWER Growth &
Development
Maintenance
Cell & Tissue repair
Cell Division is used by single celled organisms for - CORRECT ANSWER Reproduction
DNA replication occurs - CORRECT ANSWER prior to cell division
Prokaryotic cell division - CORRECT ANSWER binary fission: splits in 2, exact copies,
quick and efficient with few mutations, but reduces amount of genetic variation
DO NOT GO THROUGH MITOSIS
Prokaryotes - CORRECT ANSWER genome consists of 1 double -stranded, circular DNA
molecule
Eukaryotes - CORRECT ANSWER consists of several double-stranded DNA molecules in
forms of the chromosomes
Consists of chromatin - CORRECT ANSWER A complex of DNA and protein that
condenses during cell division.
,Red blood cells - CORRECT ANSWER no DNA
Gametes - CORRECT ANSWER 1 copy of each chromosome
Somatic Cells - CORRECT ANSWER 2 copies of each chromosome
Eukaryotic chromosomes - CORRECT ANSWER are replicated/duplicated
Each chromosome has 2 sister chromatids and separate during cell division
Somatic cells - CORRECT ANSWER Any cells in the body other than reproductive cells
2 matching sets of Chromosomes
Gametes Cell - CORRECT ANSWER Egg and Sperm cells
1/2 of the number of chromosomes
Karyotype - CORRECT ANSWER A display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged
by size and shape.
Interphase - CORRECT ANSWER period of the cell cycle between cell divisions
Mitotic Phase - CORRECT ANSWER stage of the cell cycle when a cell is actively
dividing
Mitosis - CORRECT ANSWER Division of the nucleus
Cytokinesis - CORRECT ANSWER Division of the cytoplasm
,G1 phase - CORRECT ANSWER The first gap, or growth phase, of the cell cycle,
consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins.
S phase - CORRECT ANSWER The synthesis phase of the cell cycle; the portion of
interphase during which DNA is replicated.
G2 phase - CORRECT ANSWER The second growth phase of the cell cycle, consisting of
the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs.
energy is replenished
organelles reproduce
Cytoskeleton breaks down
mitosis 5 stages - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Prophase
2. Prometaphase
3. Metaphase
4. Anaphase
5. Telophase
Prophase - CORRECT ANSWER -Nuclear envelope breaks down.
-Membranous organelles disperse toward edges of the cell.
-The nucleolus disappears.
-Centrosomes begin migration to poles.
-Microtubules of the spindle form.
-Sister chromatids coil tighter (aided by condensin proteins)
Prometaphase - CORRECT ANSWER The second stage of mitosis, in which the nuclear
envelope fragments and the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of the chromosomes.
Metaphase - CORRECT ANSWER Chromosomes line up along the metaphase plate.
, Sister chromatids remain attached by cohesion proteins.
mitotic spindle - CORRECT ANSWER An apparatus of microtubules that controls
chromosome movement
during mitosis.
-Arises from the centromeres
-Includes spindle microtubules and asters
Attach to the kinetochores of chromosomes and move the chromosomes to the metaphase plate.
Anaphase - CORRECT ANSWER -Cohesin proteins degenerate allowing chromatids to
separate.
-Separated sister chromatids move in opposite directions toward the centrosomes to which their
microtubules are attached.
-The cell elongates.
Telophase - CORRECT ANSWER -Chromosomes reach opposite poles and begin to
decondense (unravel)
- Spindles depolymerize to tubulin monomers that will form cytoskeletal components for the
daughter cells.
-Nuclear envelopes form around the chromosomes, and nucleosomes appear within the nuclear
area.
cytokinesis in plant cells - CORRECT ANSWER cell plate forms
Cytokinesis in animal cells - CORRECT ANSWER cleavage furrow forms and cell
pinches in two
3 checkpoints in cell cycle - CORRECT ANSWER G1, G2, Metaphase
