ATCBE EXAM STUDY GUIDE
Judith Rubin - Answer -Known for using the Open Art Assessment, this theorist
describes the "framework for freedom," as a balance between structure and looseness
in art therapy sessions. She is a psychoanalytic art therapist.
Arthur Robbins - Answer -affiliated with Pratt, uses Object Relations as a framework for
understanding his client's verbal and non-verbal communications. He developed the
concept of psychoaesthetics, in which the aesthetics of one's artwork reflect one's
psychological make up.
Janie Rhyne - Answer -focused strongly on genuine contact with the client, and
believed in direct and immediate experiential insights gained through creating artwork,
was influenced by Gestalt Therapy.
Mala Betensky - Answer -focused on "things themselves," and encouraged "intentional
looking" while asking clients, "what do you see?" is associated with Phenomenological
art therapy.
Shaun McNiff - Answer -Author of Art as Medicine, this art therapist developed the idea
of art therapist as "Shaman" and included imaginal dialogues in his work.
Bruce Moon - Answer -author of several books, writes, "Creation does not ease but
rather ennobles the pain." His work focuses on death, freedom, isolation, and
meaninglessness, and he is considered an existential art therapist.
Pat Allen - Answer -Author of Art as a Way of Knowing, this art therapist used Jungian
and Humanist ideas to explore art making as a psycho-spiritual path, and advocate for a
"return to the studio."
Ellen Horovitz-Darby - Answer -An advocate of the Belief Art Therapy Assessment as a
potential tool for therapists, this art therapist explores client's spiritual sensibilities and
search for personal meaning in their relationship to God.
Edith Kramer - Answer -Placing a strong emphasis on sublimation through art, this
therapist wrote, "We must distinguish sublimation from catharsis, from simple
displacement, and from highly sexualized and/or aggressively charged imagery that we
encounter in the artwork of psychotics."
Margaret Naumberg - Answer -This theorist saw releasing the repressed material
through imagery as curative, in a cathartic as well as communicative sense. She saw
the healing potential of symbolic artistic expression, and was one of the first
practitioners to stress its role as a primary agent, rather than an auxiliary tool. She
called her work "dynamically oriented art therapy," and felt the only valid meaning of
anyone's art came from the person.
, Monopolizer - Answer -High participant, but may not be that influenced because he/she
doesn't give others a chance to speak. Usually will perseverate on the topic and feels
compelled to respond to any comment as if it were directed toward him. Children may
utilize this role with acting out behavior as opposed to speech, but this role tends to
deter the group from movement because its egocentricity.
Provocateur - Answer -The member takes a provocative stance in relation to the group
task or its members. The goal of this behavior is to promote conflict and can deter the
group from its activity or discussion. This role can be used to gain attention or deflect it.
Group Leader - Answer -A member of the group may evolve as the leader, always
influential but may not necessarily be a high participant. His/her leadership may vary
group to group. Often this member will use "we" as if assuming a consensus and act as
the spokesperson, but may also be non-verbal.
Isolate - Answer -This member can be very influential even though his participation is
low. Member may be physically isolated, sitting off from the group, sitting sideways, or
be non-involved in the task of the group. The influence on the group can be derived
from the other members' pre-occupation and anxiety with the isolate. Is he rejecting us?
Blocker - Answer -This member will block the group from completing its task of
discussion; i.e. "the staff never listens anyway" by giving reasons for not persevering.
By using absolute statements this member can stop a group's movement in one
direction but doesn't offer an alternative. This member tends to be a low participant but
high in influence while taking a passive stance.
Harmonizer - Answer -If a conflict or argument arises in the group this member will
seek to unite the entire group. The negative aspect of this is that this member rarely
becomes known for himself in the group, because he/she rarely expresses his own
feelings but a "middle of the road" position. This member has a low tolerance for conflict
and may seek to resolve is prematurely and not allow the group to work through and
resolve the conflict. The positive aspect of this role is it promotes cohesion and can aid
in avoiding escalation early in the group's life.
Follower - Answer -This member may be a high participant but not influential because
he doesn't initiate of generate new ideas or activities. In children's group this member
may be exploited by a negative leader or any member who offers an immediate
solution. This member may single out one member leader to follow of just always follow
the consensus of the group as a whole.
Secure Attachment - Answer -a relationship in which an infant obtains both comfort and
confidence from the presence of his or her caregiver. Autonomous parenting. Warmly
welcoming to his mother in a strange situation, easily soother post absence.
Judith Rubin - Answer -Known for using the Open Art Assessment, this theorist
describes the "framework for freedom," as a balance between structure and looseness
in art therapy sessions. She is a psychoanalytic art therapist.
Arthur Robbins - Answer -affiliated with Pratt, uses Object Relations as a framework for
understanding his client's verbal and non-verbal communications. He developed the
concept of psychoaesthetics, in which the aesthetics of one's artwork reflect one's
psychological make up.
Janie Rhyne - Answer -focused strongly on genuine contact with the client, and
believed in direct and immediate experiential insights gained through creating artwork,
was influenced by Gestalt Therapy.
Mala Betensky - Answer -focused on "things themselves," and encouraged "intentional
looking" while asking clients, "what do you see?" is associated with Phenomenological
art therapy.
Shaun McNiff - Answer -Author of Art as Medicine, this art therapist developed the idea
of art therapist as "Shaman" and included imaginal dialogues in his work.
Bruce Moon - Answer -author of several books, writes, "Creation does not ease but
rather ennobles the pain." His work focuses on death, freedom, isolation, and
meaninglessness, and he is considered an existential art therapist.
Pat Allen - Answer -Author of Art as a Way of Knowing, this art therapist used Jungian
and Humanist ideas to explore art making as a psycho-spiritual path, and advocate for a
"return to the studio."
Ellen Horovitz-Darby - Answer -An advocate of the Belief Art Therapy Assessment as a
potential tool for therapists, this art therapist explores client's spiritual sensibilities and
search for personal meaning in their relationship to God.
Edith Kramer - Answer -Placing a strong emphasis on sublimation through art, this
therapist wrote, "We must distinguish sublimation from catharsis, from simple
displacement, and from highly sexualized and/or aggressively charged imagery that we
encounter in the artwork of psychotics."
Margaret Naumberg - Answer -This theorist saw releasing the repressed material
through imagery as curative, in a cathartic as well as communicative sense. She saw
the healing potential of symbolic artistic expression, and was one of the first
practitioners to stress its role as a primary agent, rather than an auxiliary tool. She
called her work "dynamically oriented art therapy," and felt the only valid meaning of
anyone's art came from the person.
, Monopolizer - Answer -High participant, but may not be that influenced because he/she
doesn't give others a chance to speak. Usually will perseverate on the topic and feels
compelled to respond to any comment as if it were directed toward him. Children may
utilize this role with acting out behavior as opposed to speech, but this role tends to
deter the group from movement because its egocentricity.
Provocateur - Answer -The member takes a provocative stance in relation to the group
task or its members. The goal of this behavior is to promote conflict and can deter the
group from its activity or discussion. This role can be used to gain attention or deflect it.
Group Leader - Answer -A member of the group may evolve as the leader, always
influential but may not necessarily be a high participant. His/her leadership may vary
group to group. Often this member will use "we" as if assuming a consensus and act as
the spokesperson, but may also be non-verbal.
Isolate - Answer -This member can be very influential even though his participation is
low. Member may be physically isolated, sitting off from the group, sitting sideways, or
be non-involved in the task of the group. The influence on the group can be derived
from the other members' pre-occupation and anxiety with the isolate. Is he rejecting us?
Blocker - Answer -This member will block the group from completing its task of
discussion; i.e. "the staff never listens anyway" by giving reasons for not persevering.
By using absolute statements this member can stop a group's movement in one
direction but doesn't offer an alternative. This member tends to be a low participant but
high in influence while taking a passive stance.
Harmonizer - Answer -If a conflict or argument arises in the group this member will
seek to unite the entire group. The negative aspect of this is that this member rarely
becomes known for himself in the group, because he/she rarely expresses his own
feelings but a "middle of the road" position. This member has a low tolerance for conflict
and may seek to resolve is prematurely and not allow the group to work through and
resolve the conflict. The positive aspect of this role is it promotes cohesion and can aid
in avoiding escalation early in the group's life.
Follower - Answer -This member may be a high participant but not influential because
he doesn't initiate of generate new ideas or activities. In children's group this member
may be exploited by a negative leader or any member who offers an immediate
solution. This member may single out one member leader to follow of just always follow
the consensus of the group as a whole.
Secure Attachment - Answer -a relationship in which an infant obtains both comfort and
confidence from the presence of his or her caregiver. Autonomous parenting. Warmly
welcoming to his mother in a strange situation, easily soother post absence.
