NURS 2063 Practice Exam Questions
with Answers
What is the function of the mitochondria? - ✔✔Produces ATP, the cell's energy source.
What do lysosomes do? - ✔✔Digest cellular debris and metabolize substances.
Role of the Golgi apparatus? - ✔✔Prepares substances for secretion.
What does the endoplasmic reticulum do? - ✔✔Produces proteins/fats and regulates ions in
the cell.
What's the job of peroxisomes? - ✔✔Neutralize free radicals and toxic substances.
What is phagocytosis? - ✔✔Ingestion of large particles like bacteria.
What is exocytosis? - ✔✔Expelling waste and debris from the cell.
What is cell respiration? - ✔✔Converts fuel into ATP and waste — essential for cell survival.
What is differentiation? - ✔✔When cells develop specific structures/functions.
What is atrophy? - ✔✔Decrease in cell size (e.g., due to disuse or ischemia).
What is hypertrophy? - ✔✔Increase in cell size (e.g., heart muscle from hypertension).
, What is hyperplasia? - ✔✔Increase in the number of cells (e.g., endometrial thickening).
What is metaplasia? - ✔✔Change of one cell type into another (e.g., in GERD).
What is dysplasia? - ✔✔Abnormal size/shape/organization of cells; may lead to cancer.
What is apoptosis? - ✔✔Programmed cell death (clean and orderly).
What is necrosis? - ✔✔Disorderly cell death with inflammation (injury-related).
What are the causes of cell injury (TIPS)? - ✔✔Toxins
Infections
Physical injury
Serum deficit (nutrition, oxygen)
What causes acute sinusitis? - ✔✔Viral infection with mucus blockage.
Key signs of sinusitis? - ✔✔Facial pain, congestion, fever, postnasal drip.
What bacteria causes chronic gastritis? - ✔✔H. pylori — can lead to ulcers and gastric cancer.
What is steatorrhea and what condition is it linked to? - ✔✔Fatty stools; linked to chronic
pancreatitis or Crohn's.
What parts of the GI tract does Crohn's disease affect? - ✔✔Mostly small intestine and
ascending colon (patchy).
with Answers
What is the function of the mitochondria? - ✔✔Produces ATP, the cell's energy source.
What do lysosomes do? - ✔✔Digest cellular debris and metabolize substances.
Role of the Golgi apparatus? - ✔✔Prepares substances for secretion.
What does the endoplasmic reticulum do? - ✔✔Produces proteins/fats and regulates ions in
the cell.
What's the job of peroxisomes? - ✔✔Neutralize free radicals and toxic substances.
What is phagocytosis? - ✔✔Ingestion of large particles like bacteria.
What is exocytosis? - ✔✔Expelling waste and debris from the cell.
What is cell respiration? - ✔✔Converts fuel into ATP and waste — essential for cell survival.
What is differentiation? - ✔✔When cells develop specific structures/functions.
What is atrophy? - ✔✔Decrease in cell size (e.g., due to disuse or ischemia).
What is hypertrophy? - ✔✔Increase in cell size (e.g., heart muscle from hypertension).
, What is hyperplasia? - ✔✔Increase in the number of cells (e.g., endometrial thickening).
What is metaplasia? - ✔✔Change of one cell type into another (e.g., in GERD).
What is dysplasia? - ✔✔Abnormal size/shape/organization of cells; may lead to cancer.
What is apoptosis? - ✔✔Programmed cell death (clean and orderly).
What is necrosis? - ✔✔Disorderly cell death with inflammation (injury-related).
What are the causes of cell injury (TIPS)? - ✔✔Toxins
Infections
Physical injury
Serum deficit (nutrition, oxygen)
What causes acute sinusitis? - ✔✔Viral infection with mucus blockage.
Key signs of sinusitis? - ✔✔Facial pain, congestion, fever, postnasal drip.
What bacteria causes chronic gastritis? - ✔✔H. pylori — can lead to ulcers and gastric cancer.
What is steatorrhea and what condition is it linked to? - ✔✔Fatty stools; linked to chronic
pancreatitis or Crohn's.
What parts of the GI tract does Crohn's disease affect? - ✔✔Mostly small intestine and
ascending colon (patchy).
