NUR 442 Exam with Accurate Answers. Latest
Edition
Chain of infection (know the elements and how infections are shared) - ✔✔look at photo
Modes of transmission (include direct and indirect transmission) - ✔✔- Airborne/droplet
- Foodborne
- Waterborne
- Vector-borne
- direct
indirect
direct mode of transmission - ✔✔body surface to body surface, bird flu
indirect mode of transmission - ✔✔a susceptible host meets a contaminated inanimate object,
think surgical instrument, needles, toys, dirty clothing, food, water, also vectors
Types of precautions to use with various infections (standard vs airborne vs droplet) NEED
MORE INFO - ✔✔- Airborne: particles transmitted by air to host via droplets or particles
- Airborne particles travel greater than 3 feet. Measles, Chickenpox, TB, Covid: use N-95
Droplet particles travel less than 3 feet. Flu, pertussis, SARS: use surgical mask
What is active vs passive immunity and how is it obtained - ✔✔- Active = EXPOSURE to disease
triggers immune system to produce antibodies, obtained via infection or immunization.
Protection = takes time to develop but is long lasting
Passive = a person is given antibodies, i.e. infants via placenta or immune globulin or antibodies
for covid. Protection = immediate but lasts just weeks to months
, Epidemiologic Triangle/Triad - ✔✔host, agent, environment factors, vector
Epidemiologic Triangle/Triad HOST - ✔✔- (HUMAN) = is the client whose health status is of
concern, the living being that an agent or the environment influences, can be the individual,
family, group of high-risk people or the community as a whole. Worker characteristics (job
inexperience, age, pregnancy, health status, work practices, lifestyle factors)
- Host: the "who" of the epidemiologic triad
- Portals of entry and exit
- Incubation period
Epidemiologic Triangle/Triad AGENT - ✔✔- is the physical, infectious, or chemical factor that
causes the
disease; an infectious organism. Biologic agents: viruses, bacteria, fungi, blood-borne or air-
borne pathogens. Chemical agents: asbestos, smoke, lead, mercury, chemo drugs. Physical
agents: temperature extremes, vibrations, noise, radiation, lighting. Psychosocial agents:
assaults, stress, sexual harassment
- Agent: the "what" of the epidemiologic triad
Epidemiologic Triangle/Triad ENVIRONMENT - ✔✔- is the setting or surroundings that sustain
the host; where the agent and host interact. Physical factors: heat, odor, ventilation, pollution,
Social Factors: sanitation, overcrowding Psychological Factors: addictions, stress
Environment: the "where" of the epidemiologic triad, Reservoirs for microbes can be humans,
animals, plants, insects, water and soil
Epidemiologic Triangle/Triad VECTORS - ✔✔- are living organisms that can transmit infectious
Pathogens between humans, or from animals to humans (WHO) (mosquitos, ticks, flies, fleas)
Edition
Chain of infection (know the elements and how infections are shared) - ✔✔look at photo
Modes of transmission (include direct and indirect transmission) - ✔✔- Airborne/droplet
- Foodborne
- Waterborne
- Vector-borne
- direct
indirect
direct mode of transmission - ✔✔body surface to body surface, bird flu
indirect mode of transmission - ✔✔a susceptible host meets a contaminated inanimate object,
think surgical instrument, needles, toys, dirty clothing, food, water, also vectors
Types of precautions to use with various infections (standard vs airborne vs droplet) NEED
MORE INFO - ✔✔- Airborne: particles transmitted by air to host via droplets or particles
- Airborne particles travel greater than 3 feet. Measles, Chickenpox, TB, Covid: use N-95
Droplet particles travel less than 3 feet. Flu, pertussis, SARS: use surgical mask
What is active vs passive immunity and how is it obtained - ✔✔- Active = EXPOSURE to disease
triggers immune system to produce antibodies, obtained via infection or immunization.
Protection = takes time to develop but is long lasting
Passive = a person is given antibodies, i.e. infants via placenta or immune globulin or antibodies
for covid. Protection = immediate but lasts just weeks to months
, Epidemiologic Triangle/Triad - ✔✔host, agent, environment factors, vector
Epidemiologic Triangle/Triad HOST - ✔✔- (HUMAN) = is the client whose health status is of
concern, the living being that an agent or the environment influences, can be the individual,
family, group of high-risk people or the community as a whole. Worker characteristics (job
inexperience, age, pregnancy, health status, work practices, lifestyle factors)
- Host: the "who" of the epidemiologic triad
- Portals of entry and exit
- Incubation period
Epidemiologic Triangle/Triad AGENT - ✔✔- is the physical, infectious, or chemical factor that
causes the
disease; an infectious organism. Biologic agents: viruses, bacteria, fungi, blood-borne or air-
borne pathogens. Chemical agents: asbestos, smoke, lead, mercury, chemo drugs. Physical
agents: temperature extremes, vibrations, noise, radiation, lighting. Psychosocial agents:
assaults, stress, sexual harassment
- Agent: the "what" of the epidemiologic triad
Epidemiologic Triangle/Triad ENVIRONMENT - ✔✔- is the setting or surroundings that sustain
the host; where the agent and host interact. Physical factors: heat, odor, ventilation, pollution,
Social Factors: sanitation, overcrowding Psychological Factors: addictions, stress
Environment: the "where" of the epidemiologic triad, Reservoirs for microbes can be humans,
animals, plants, insects, water and soil
Epidemiologic Triangle/Triad VECTORS - ✔✔- are living organisms that can transmit infectious
Pathogens between humans, or from animals to humans (WHO) (mosquitos, ticks, flies, fleas)
