PORTAGE LEARNING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
NURS 231/BIOD 331 FINAL EXAM ALL
VERSIONS 2025/2026 NEWEST BANK
COMPLETE 500 QUESTIONS WITH WELL
DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS (100%
CORRECT ANSWERS) /A+ GRADE ASSURED
A 75-year-old male is brought to the emergency
department by his spouse at 8 pm. The spouse reports that
they were cleaning up after dinner at approximately 6:30
pm, and she noticed that her husband's speech was very
unclear. When she asked him what was going on, he said
that he didn't know and that the entire right side of his
face felt numb. She reports that he is very active, but he
has a past medical history of atrial fibrillation. Given the
patient's past medical history and presentation, what is
your initial diagnosis? - ....ANSWER...Stroke or CVA
A 75-year-old male is brought to the emergency
department by his spouse at 8 pm. The spouse reports that
they were cleaning up after dinner at approximately 6:30
pm, and she noticed that her husband's speech was very
unclear. When she asked him what was going on, he said
that he didn't know and that the entire right side of his
1
,face felt numb. She reports that he is very active, but he
has a past medical history of atrial fibrillation. What do
you suspect this patient is experiencing? Specifically,
categorize the disease process based upon his past medical
history and his current presentation and explain how you
arrived at this specific diagnosis. - ....ANSWER...He is
more than likely experiencing an ischemic stroke. A
past medical history of atrial fibrillation puts him at
an increased risk for clots.
A 75-year-old male is brought to the emergency
department via ambulance at 5 pm. The patient's spouse
reports that when they woke up (approximately at 6 am)
he reported to her that he was having some blurred vision
but decided to go about his day. As the day progressed, he
started experiencing tingling and feelings of weakness on
the entire left side of his body. He has a past medical
history of diabetes. Based upon these symptoms and past
medical history, what do you suspect this patient is
experiencing? How would you confirm this diagnosis?
What treatment should be administered? Explain why you
chose that treatment. - ....ANSWER...This patient is more
than likely experiencing an ischemic stroke. A CT scan
and MRI would be needed to determine if a clot was
blocking blood flow to the brain tissue and to rule out
a hemorrhagic stroke. If a clot is found, this patient
2
,would need to be re-perfused through catheter-base
methods (to break the clot), as they are outside of the
3-4.5 treatment window for the use of tPA drugs.
A patient presents to the emergency department with
complaints of sharp pain that comes in waves in the upper
lateral quadrant of the abdomen. Their skin is clammy,
and they have been experiencing nausea and vomiting all
day long. They have a history of UTIs. Urinalysis reveals
that the pH of their urine is 7.8. You suspect that the
patient may have a kidney stone. What diagnostic test
would you run to confirm your diagnosis? -
....ANSWER...In addition to the urinalysis already run, a
CT scan would be needed to confirm your diagnosis and
determine the size of the stone.
A patient presents to the emergency department with
complaints of sharp pain that comes in waves in the upper
3
, lateral quadrant of the abdomen. Their skin is clammy,
and they have been experiencing nausea and vomiting all
day long. They have a history of UTIs. Urinalysis reveals
that the pH of their urine is 7.8. A CT scan reveals that
they have a kidney stone. What type of kidney stone
would suspect they have? What about their current
presentation leads you to this conclusion? -
....ANSWER...The patient has a magnesium ammonium
phosphate stone given the elevated pH of their urine.
These types of stones are the result of a UTI caused by
bacteria that contain urease.
A patient presents to the emergency department with
complaints of sharp pain that comes in waves in the upper
lateral quadrant of the abdomen. Their skin is clammy,
and they have been experiencing nausea and vomiting all
day long. They have a history of UTIS. Urinalysis reveals
that the pH of their urine is 7.8. A CT scan reveals a renal
calculi that is 7 mm in diameter. What is the best
treatment plan for this patient? Explain your reasoning
for this treatment plan. - ....ANSWER...It must be
removed through ureteroscopic removal or
extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy, as it is greater
than 5 mm in diameter. The patient should be placed
on antibiotics to treat the UTI, as well as medication
for pain management.
4
NURS 231/BIOD 331 FINAL EXAM ALL
VERSIONS 2025/2026 NEWEST BANK
COMPLETE 500 QUESTIONS WITH WELL
DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS (100%
CORRECT ANSWERS) /A+ GRADE ASSURED
A 75-year-old male is brought to the emergency
department by his spouse at 8 pm. The spouse reports that
they were cleaning up after dinner at approximately 6:30
pm, and she noticed that her husband's speech was very
unclear. When she asked him what was going on, he said
that he didn't know and that the entire right side of his
face felt numb. She reports that he is very active, but he
has a past medical history of atrial fibrillation. Given the
patient's past medical history and presentation, what is
your initial diagnosis? - ....ANSWER...Stroke or CVA
A 75-year-old male is brought to the emergency
department by his spouse at 8 pm. The spouse reports that
they were cleaning up after dinner at approximately 6:30
pm, and she noticed that her husband's speech was very
unclear. When she asked him what was going on, he said
that he didn't know and that the entire right side of his
1
,face felt numb. She reports that he is very active, but he
has a past medical history of atrial fibrillation. What do
you suspect this patient is experiencing? Specifically,
categorize the disease process based upon his past medical
history and his current presentation and explain how you
arrived at this specific diagnosis. - ....ANSWER...He is
more than likely experiencing an ischemic stroke. A
past medical history of atrial fibrillation puts him at
an increased risk for clots.
A 75-year-old male is brought to the emergency
department via ambulance at 5 pm. The patient's spouse
reports that when they woke up (approximately at 6 am)
he reported to her that he was having some blurred vision
but decided to go about his day. As the day progressed, he
started experiencing tingling and feelings of weakness on
the entire left side of his body. He has a past medical
history of diabetes. Based upon these symptoms and past
medical history, what do you suspect this patient is
experiencing? How would you confirm this diagnosis?
What treatment should be administered? Explain why you
chose that treatment. - ....ANSWER...This patient is more
than likely experiencing an ischemic stroke. A CT scan
and MRI would be needed to determine if a clot was
blocking blood flow to the brain tissue and to rule out
a hemorrhagic stroke. If a clot is found, this patient
2
,would need to be re-perfused through catheter-base
methods (to break the clot), as they are outside of the
3-4.5 treatment window for the use of tPA drugs.
A patient presents to the emergency department with
complaints of sharp pain that comes in waves in the upper
lateral quadrant of the abdomen. Their skin is clammy,
and they have been experiencing nausea and vomiting all
day long. They have a history of UTIs. Urinalysis reveals
that the pH of their urine is 7.8. You suspect that the
patient may have a kidney stone. What diagnostic test
would you run to confirm your diagnosis? -
....ANSWER...In addition to the urinalysis already run, a
CT scan would be needed to confirm your diagnosis and
determine the size of the stone.
A patient presents to the emergency department with
complaints of sharp pain that comes in waves in the upper
3
, lateral quadrant of the abdomen. Their skin is clammy,
and they have been experiencing nausea and vomiting all
day long. They have a history of UTIs. Urinalysis reveals
that the pH of their urine is 7.8. A CT scan reveals that
they have a kidney stone. What type of kidney stone
would suspect they have? What about their current
presentation leads you to this conclusion? -
....ANSWER...The patient has a magnesium ammonium
phosphate stone given the elevated pH of their urine.
These types of stones are the result of a UTI caused by
bacteria that contain urease.
A patient presents to the emergency department with
complaints of sharp pain that comes in waves in the upper
lateral quadrant of the abdomen. Their skin is clammy,
and they have been experiencing nausea and vomiting all
day long. They have a history of UTIS. Urinalysis reveals
that the pH of their urine is 7.8. A CT scan reveals a renal
calculi that is 7 mm in diameter. What is the best
treatment plan for this patient? Explain your reasoning
for this treatment plan. - ....ANSWER...It must be
removed through ureteroscopic removal or
extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy, as it is greater
than 5 mm in diameter. The patient should be placed
on antibiotics to treat the UTI, as well as medication
for pain management.
4
