CMN 568 Unit 1 Questions with Detailed Verified
Answers
Patients with _____ must undergo at least an annual examination for retinopathy,
even if they have no vision problems. Ans: diabetes
Visual Acuity:
- able to BRIEFLY visually track mother's face or brightly colored object within an hour
after birth (fixation reflex not developed for several weeks, so fixation is brief) Ans:
Newborn
Visual Acuity:
Don't talk to baby when assessing vision - he may look toward sound rather than visual
stimulus.
Look for __________ Ans: fix and follow of object.
- With any eye condition (infection, injury, etc.), check visual acuity to best extent
possible based on age
- foreign body or chemical injury is exception - IRRIGATE eye profusely first and
worry about acuity later
-When there is decreased acuity -->____________ Ans: refer immediately
,Vision is only about ________ in the newborn Ans: 20/200 to 20/400
Typical visual acuity in developmentally appropriate child reaches level of 20/20 by
_____ years of age Ans: 5 years of age
Vision should be checked every ______ Ans: 1-2 yrs
Acuity changes occur quickly with _______________ Ans: growth spurts
Boys may develop _________ later than girls due to differences in growth patterns.
Typical onset - elementary school. Ans: myopia(near sighted)
Refer ________: If acuity if less than 20/40 in either eye, or if there is a difference of 2
lines in acuity between eyes Ans: 3-5 YEAR OLD
Refer _________: If acuity if less than 20/30 in either eye, or if there is a difference of
2 lines in acuity between eyes Ans: 6 and older
Most common intraocular malignancy of childhood, usually presenting before age 3
Ans: Retinoblastoma
Most common presenting sign is Leukocoria (white reflex inpupil).
May present with strabismus, red eye, or glaucoma Ans: Retinoblastoma
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,Always check red reflex (Bruckner test) in young children with an ophthalmoscope
Ans: Retinoblastoma
Positive Bruckner test: difference in the quality of the red reflex between eyes
REFER!! Ans: Retinoblastoma
Assessing for malalignment (strabismus) of eyes:
Perform the _________: Check the corneal light reflex --> It should be in the same
position in each eye.
Perform the _______: watch for movement of the eye after cover removed Ans:
Hirschberg test
Cover Test
Brief periods of malalignment are normal in NB.
Unless strabismus is very obvious and persistent, generally wait until child is ______
and then REFER all cases of strabismus to an ophthalmologist.
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, Patching or surgery is used Ans: 4 months old
eye or eyes turn in (cross-eyed if bilateral) Ans: Esotropia
eye or eyes turn outward Ans: Exotropia
eye is depressed (downward) Ans: Hypotropia
eye is elevated Ans: Hypertropia
All kids age ______ must have vision checked at least once Ans: 3 - 5
Poor vision in one eye.
Brain doesn't recognize sight from 1 eye and relies more on the stronger eye while
vision in weaker eye gets worse. Ans: Amblyopia (lazy eye)
This is caused by the brain trying to suppress the off-center image.
It can result in permanent blindness in the "unused" eye unless corrected early in life.
Ans: Amblyopia (lazy eye)
In well baby check, look for _______ of cornea and red reflex Ans: clarity
Presence of ______ does not mean NB baby can see, only that the eye itself is intact.
© Get it right 2025 Getaway - Stuvia US All rights reserved
Answers
Patients with _____ must undergo at least an annual examination for retinopathy,
even if they have no vision problems. Ans: diabetes
Visual Acuity:
- able to BRIEFLY visually track mother's face or brightly colored object within an hour
after birth (fixation reflex not developed for several weeks, so fixation is brief) Ans:
Newborn
Visual Acuity:
Don't talk to baby when assessing vision - he may look toward sound rather than visual
stimulus.
Look for __________ Ans: fix and follow of object.
- With any eye condition (infection, injury, etc.), check visual acuity to best extent
possible based on age
- foreign body or chemical injury is exception - IRRIGATE eye profusely first and
worry about acuity later
-When there is decreased acuity -->____________ Ans: refer immediately
,Vision is only about ________ in the newborn Ans: 20/200 to 20/400
Typical visual acuity in developmentally appropriate child reaches level of 20/20 by
_____ years of age Ans: 5 years of age
Vision should be checked every ______ Ans: 1-2 yrs
Acuity changes occur quickly with _______________ Ans: growth spurts
Boys may develop _________ later than girls due to differences in growth patterns.
Typical onset - elementary school. Ans: myopia(near sighted)
Refer ________: If acuity if less than 20/40 in either eye, or if there is a difference of 2
lines in acuity between eyes Ans: 3-5 YEAR OLD
Refer _________: If acuity if less than 20/30 in either eye, or if there is a difference of
2 lines in acuity between eyes Ans: 6 and older
Most common intraocular malignancy of childhood, usually presenting before age 3
Ans: Retinoblastoma
Most common presenting sign is Leukocoria (white reflex inpupil).
May present with strabismus, red eye, or glaucoma Ans: Retinoblastoma
© Get it right 2025 Getaway - Stuvia US All rights reserved
,Always check red reflex (Bruckner test) in young children with an ophthalmoscope
Ans: Retinoblastoma
Positive Bruckner test: difference in the quality of the red reflex between eyes
REFER!! Ans: Retinoblastoma
Assessing for malalignment (strabismus) of eyes:
Perform the _________: Check the corneal light reflex --> It should be in the same
position in each eye.
Perform the _______: watch for movement of the eye after cover removed Ans:
Hirschberg test
Cover Test
Brief periods of malalignment are normal in NB.
Unless strabismus is very obvious and persistent, generally wait until child is ______
and then REFER all cases of strabismus to an ophthalmologist.
© Get it right 2025 Getaway - Stuvia US All rights reserved
, Patching or surgery is used Ans: 4 months old
eye or eyes turn in (cross-eyed if bilateral) Ans: Esotropia
eye or eyes turn outward Ans: Exotropia
eye is depressed (downward) Ans: Hypotropia
eye is elevated Ans: Hypertropia
All kids age ______ must have vision checked at least once Ans: 3 - 5
Poor vision in one eye.
Brain doesn't recognize sight from 1 eye and relies more on the stronger eye while
vision in weaker eye gets worse. Ans: Amblyopia (lazy eye)
This is caused by the brain trying to suppress the off-center image.
It can result in permanent blindness in the "unused" eye unless corrected early in life.
Ans: Amblyopia (lazy eye)
In well baby check, look for _______ of cornea and red reflex Ans: clarity
Presence of ______ does not mean NB baby can see, only that the eye itself is intact.
© Get it right 2025 Getaway - Stuvia US All rights reserved
