CONS 127 Questions & Answers Solved 100%
Correct.
What is the significance of the 1482 Ptolemy map?
It was the first map to use grid lines (a coordinate system using latitude and longitude to define
positions)
What is latitude?
Angle that describes the north-south position.
Parallel
Circle connecting all locations with a given latitude
Pole
Points where the Earth's axis of rotation meets its surface
There are North, South poles
Equator
Intersection of the Earth's surface with the plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation and
midway between the poles. The equator is the biggest parallel
Arctic Circle
Southernmost latitude in the Northern Hemisphere where the Sun can remain continuously above
or below the horizon for 24h.
Antarctic Circle
,Northernmost latitude in the Southern Hemisphere where the sun can remain continuously above
or below the horizon for 24h.
Tropic of Cancer + How does it change seasons depending on where Earth is tilted + Value
Northernmost circle of latitude where the Sun can be directly overhead
When the top of the Earth is tilted towards the sun, it is summer in the northern hemisphere.
Since the southern hemisphere is tilted away from the sun, it's winter there
Tropic of Capricorn + Value
Southernmost circle of latitude where the Sun can be directly overhead
66.5S
Longitude
Angle that describes the east-west position, no value for Longitude
Meridian
Half of an imaginary great circle, terminating at the North Pole and the South Poles, connecting
points of equal longitude
Prime Meridian
Origin of the measures of Longitude (zero degrees of longitude)
What can be said about the four models of the Earth? Are they correct? How do they
differ?
,All are wrong models of the Earth but have varying degrees of correctness and incorrectness.
Varying in complexity, accuracy and applications
Geoid model of the Earth
- Most accurate model of the Earth
- Physical approximation of the figure of the Earth
- Shape of the surface of calmed oceans, in the absence of other influences such as winds and
tides
- Computed using complex physical models and gravity readings of Earth's surface
- Used to measure surface elevations with a high degree of accuracy
Ellipsoid model of the Earth
- Mathematical approximation of the shape of the Earth
- The Earth is flattened at the poles and bulges at the equator due to its revolution; ellipsoid
geodesy accounts for this. It is suitable for direct mathematical computations
- Defined by two numbers: semi-major and semi-minor axis
-AX=B
, Sphere model of the Earth
- The least accurate model of the Earth
- The Earth's radius is constant
- a=b
How is the Earth projected into maps?
Or centuries, the most vexing dilemma for cartog. Has been how to transfer the 3D Globe onto a
2D Page
A map projection is a set of math. formulas and equations that enables Earth's curved surface to
be shown on a flat map
Only a globe can be accurately represent all of the Earth's metric properties (area, shape, distance
and direction)
Projected on a flat surface, only some of these properties can be accurately represented: every
map has some sort of distortion
What 3 surfaces were suitable for projecting an image of the Earth without significant
distortion
Cylindrical
The Earth is projected on a cylinder.
Whole-world maps are rectangular
Correct.
What is the significance of the 1482 Ptolemy map?
It was the first map to use grid lines (a coordinate system using latitude and longitude to define
positions)
What is latitude?
Angle that describes the north-south position.
Parallel
Circle connecting all locations with a given latitude
Pole
Points where the Earth's axis of rotation meets its surface
There are North, South poles
Equator
Intersection of the Earth's surface with the plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation and
midway between the poles. The equator is the biggest parallel
Arctic Circle
Southernmost latitude in the Northern Hemisphere where the Sun can remain continuously above
or below the horizon for 24h.
Antarctic Circle
,Northernmost latitude in the Southern Hemisphere where the sun can remain continuously above
or below the horizon for 24h.
Tropic of Cancer + How does it change seasons depending on where Earth is tilted + Value
Northernmost circle of latitude where the Sun can be directly overhead
When the top of the Earth is tilted towards the sun, it is summer in the northern hemisphere.
Since the southern hemisphere is tilted away from the sun, it's winter there
Tropic of Capricorn + Value
Southernmost circle of latitude where the Sun can be directly overhead
66.5S
Longitude
Angle that describes the east-west position, no value for Longitude
Meridian
Half of an imaginary great circle, terminating at the North Pole and the South Poles, connecting
points of equal longitude
Prime Meridian
Origin of the measures of Longitude (zero degrees of longitude)
What can be said about the four models of the Earth? Are they correct? How do they
differ?
,All are wrong models of the Earth but have varying degrees of correctness and incorrectness.
Varying in complexity, accuracy and applications
Geoid model of the Earth
- Most accurate model of the Earth
- Physical approximation of the figure of the Earth
- Shape of the surface of calmed oceans, in the absence of other influences such as winds and
tides
- Computed using complex physical models and gravity readings of Earth's surface
- Used to measure surface elevations with a high degree of accuracy
Ellipsoid model of the Earth
- Mathematical approximation of the shape of the Earth
- The Earth is flattened at the poles and bulges at the equator due to its revolution; ellipsoid
geodesy accounts for this. It is suitable for direct mathematical computations
- Defined by two numbers: semi-major and semi-minor axis
-AX=B
, Sphere model of the Earth
- The least accurate model of the Earth
- The Earth's radius is constant
- a=b
How is the Earth projected into maps?
Or centuries, the most vexing dilemma for cartog. Has been how to transfer the 3D Globe onto a
2D Page
A map projection is a set of math. formulas and equations that enables Earth's curved surface to
be shown on a flat map
Only a globe can be accurately represent all of the Earth's metric properties (area, shape, distance
and direction)
Projected on a flat surface, only some of these properties can be accurately represented: every
map has some sort of distortion
What 3 surfaces were suitable for projecting an image of the Earth without significant
distortion
Cylindrical
The Earth is projected on a cylinder.
Whole-world maps are rectangular
