Maternal and Pediatric Nursing Exam
with correct answers 2025>2026
Whichvsetvofvsymptomsvarevcharacteristicvofvspasticvcerebralvpalsy?
a.vHypertonicityvandvpoorvcontrolvofvposturevbalancevandvcoordinatedvmotion
b.vAthetosisvandvdystonicvmovements
c.vWide-basedvgaitvandvpoorvperformancevofvrapidvrepetitivevmovements
d.vTremorsvandvlackvofvactivevmovementv-vvcorrectvanswersvANS:vA
Hypertonicityvpoorvcontrolvofvposturevbalancevandvcoordinatedvmotionvarevpartvofvthevclassificati
onvofvspasticvcerebralvpalsy.vAthetosisvandvdystonicvmovementsvarevpartvofvthevclassificationvofvdy
skinetic/athetoidvcerebralvpalsy.vWide-
basedvgaitvandvpoorvperformancevofvrapidvrepetitivevmovementsvarevpartvofvthevclassificationvofva
taxicvcerebralvpalsy.vTremorsvandvlackvofvactivevmovementvmayvindicatevothervneurologicalvdisord
ers.
Thevparentsvofvavchildvwithvcerebralvpalsyvaskvthevnursevifvanyvdrugsvcanvdecreasevtheirvchild'svspas
ticity.vWhatvknowledgevisvthevbasisvofvthevnurses'vresponse?
a.vAnticonvulsantvmedicationsvarevsometimesvusefulvforvcontrollingvspasticity.
b.vMedicationsvthatvwouldvbevusefulvinvreducingvspasticityvarevtoovtoxicvforvusevinvchildren.
c.vManyvdifferentvmedicationsvcanvbevhighlyveffectivevinvcontrollingvspasticity.
d.vAvpumpvcanvbevimplantedvthatvdeliversvmedicationvintovthevintrathecalvspacevtovdecreasevspasti
city.v-vvcorrectvanswersvANS:vD
Baclofenvgivenvintrathecallyvisvbestvsuitedvforvchildrenvwithvseverevspasticityvthatvinterferesvwithva
ctivitiesvofvdailyvlivingvandvambulation.vAnticonvulsantvmedicationsvarevusedvwhenvseizuresvoccurv
,invchildrenvwithvcerebralvpalsy.vThevintrathecalvroutevdecreasesvthevadverseveffectsvofvthevdrugsvth
atvreducevspasticity.vFewvmedicationsvarevpresentlyvavailablevforvthevcontrolvofvspasticity.
Whatvtermvisvusedvforvavhernialvprotrusionvofvavsaclikevcystvofvmeningesvspinalvfluidvandvavportionv
ofvthevspinalvcordvwithvitsvnervesvthroughvavdefectvinvthevvertebralvcolumn?
a.vRachischisis
b.vEncephalocele
c.vMeningocele
d.vMyelomeningocelev-vvcorrectvanswersvANS:vD
Avmyelomeningocelevisvavvisiblevdefectvwithvanvexternalvsaclikevprotrusionvcontainingvmeningesvs
pinalvfluidvandvnerves.vRachischisisvisvavfissurevinvthevspinalvcolumnvthatvleavesvthevmeningesvandvs
pinalvcordvexposed.vEncephalocelevisvavherniationvofvthevbrainvandvmeningesvthroughvavdefectvinvt
hevskullvproducingvavfluid-
filledvsac.vMeningocelevisvavhernialvprotrusionvofvavsaclikevcystvofvmeningesvwithvspinalvfluidvbutvno
vneuralvelements.
Whichvproblemvisvmostvoftenvassociatedvwithvavmyelomeningocele?
a.vHydrocephalus
b.vCraniosynostosis
c.vBiliaryvatresia
d.vEsophagealvatresiav-vvcorrectvanswersvANS:vA
Hydrocephalusvisvavfrequentlyvassociatedvanomalyvinv80vtov90%vofvchildrenvwithvmyelomeningoce
le.vCraniosynostosisvisvthevprematurevclosingvofvthevcranialvsuturesvandvisvnotvassociatedvwithvmye
lomeningocele.vBiliaryvandvesophagealvatresiasvarevnotvassociatedvwithvmyelomeningocele.
Whatvisvthevmostvcommonvproblemvforvchildrenvbornvwithvavmyelomeningocele?
a.vNeurogenicvbladder
b.vCognitivevimpairment
c.vRespiratoryvcompromise
,d.vCranioschisisv-vvcorrectvanswersvANS:vA
Myelomeningocelevisvonevofvthevmostvcommonvcausesvofvneuropathicv(neurogenic)vbladdervdysfu
nctionvamongvchildren.vRiskvofvcognitivevimpairmentvisvminimizedvthroughvearlyvinterventionvandv
managementvofvhydrocephalus.vRespiratoryvcompromisevisvnotvavcommonvproblemvinvmyelomeni
ngocele.vCranioschisisvisvavskullvdefectvthroughvwhichvvariousvtissuesvprotrudevandvisvnotvassociate
dvwithvmyelomeningocele.
Whichvsupplementvisvrecommendedvtovpreventvneuralvtubevdefects?
a.vVitaminvAvthroughoutvpregnancy
b.vMultivitaminvpreparationsvasvsoonvasvpregnancyvisvsuspected
c.vFolicvacidvforvallvwomenvofvchild-bearingvage
d.vFolicvacidvduringvthevfirstvandvsecondvtrimestersvofvpregnancyv-vvcorrectvanswersvANS:vC
Thevwidespreadvusevofvfolicvacidvamongvwomenvofvchildbearingvagevisvexpectedvtovdecreasevthevin
cidencevofvspinavbifidavsignificantly.vVitaminvAvdoesvnotvhavevavrelationvtovthevpreventionvofvspinav
bifida.vFolicvacidvsupplementationvisvrecommendedvforvthevpreconceptionvperiodvandvduringvthev
pregnancyvbutvonlyv42%vofvwomenvactuallyvfollowvthesevguidelines.
Howvmuchvfolicvacidvisvrecommendedvasvavdailyvdosevforvwomenvofvchild-bearingvage?
a.v0.1vmg
b.v0.4vmg
c.v1.5vmg
d.v2vmgv-vvcorrectvanswersvANS:vB
Itvhasvbeenvestimatedvthatvavdailyvintakevofv0.4vmgvofvfolicvacidvinvwomenvofvchild-
bearingvagevwillvpreventv50vtov70%vofvcasesvofvneuralvtubevdefects.vAv0.1vmgvdosevisvtoovlowvandv1.
5vandv2vmgvarevnotvrecommendedvdosagesvofvfolicvacid.
Thevnursevisvcaringvforvanvinfantvbornvwithvavmyelomeningocele.vSurgeryvtovrepairvthevdefectvisvsch
eduledvforvthevnextvday.vWhatvisvthevmostvappropriatevwayvtovpositionvandvfeedvthisvnewborn?
a.vLeftvlateralvandvtubevfeed
, b.vPronevturnvheadvtovsidevandvnipplevfeed
c.vSupinevinvinfantvcarriervandvnipplevfeed
d.vSupinevwithvdefectvsupportedvwithvrolledvblanketsvandvnipplevfeedv-vvcorrectvanswersvANS:vB
Invthevpronevpositionvfeedingvisvavproblem.vThevinfant'svheadvmustvbevturnedvtovonevsidevforvfeedi
ng.vIfvthevchildvisvablevtovnipplevfeedvtherevisvnovindicationvforvtubevfeeding.vBeforevsurgeryvthevinfa
ntvshouldvbevkeptvinvthevpronevpositionvtovminimizevtensionvonvthevsacvandvriskvofvtrauma.
Thevnursevisvtalkingvtovavparentvwithvavchildvwhovhasvavlatexvallergy.vWhichvstatementvbyvthevparen
tvindicatesvshevcorrectlyvunderstandsvthevteaching?
a.v"Myvchildvwillvhavevanvallergicvreactionvifvhevcomesvinvcontactvwithvyeastvproducts."
b.v"Myvchildvmayvhavevanvupsetvstomachvifvheveatsvfoodsvmadevwithvwheatvorvbarley."
c.v"Myvchildvwillvprobablyvdevelopvanvallergyvtovpeanuts."
d.v"Myvchildvshouldvnotveatvbananasvorvkiwis."v-vvcorrectvanswersvANS:vD
Therevarevcross-
reactionsvbetweenvlatexvallergiesvandvavnumbervofvfoodsvsuchvasvbananasvavocadosvkiwisvandvche
stnuts.vAlthoughvyeastvproductsvwheatvandvbarleyvandvpeanutsvarevpotentialvallergensvtheyvarevcu
rrentlyvnotvknownvtovcross-reactvwithvlatex.
Avlatexvallergyvisvsuspectedvinvavchildvwithvspinavbifida.vWhichvisvanvappropriatevnursingvinterventi
on?
a.vAvoidvusingvanyvlatexvproduct.
b.vUsevonlyvnonallergenicvlatexvproducts.
c.vAdministervmedicationvforvlong-termvdesensitization.
d.vTeachvthevfamilyvaboutvlong-termvmanagementvofvasthma.v-vvcorrectvanswersvANS:vA
Carevmustvbevtakenvsovthatvindividualsvwhovarevatvhighvriskvforvlatexvallergiesvdovnotvcomevinvdirect
vorvsecondaryvcontactvwithvproductsvorvequipmentvcontainingvlatexvatvanyvtimevduringvmedicalvtre
atment.vTherevarevnovnonallergicvlatexvproducts.vAtvthisvtimevdesensitizationvisvnotvanvoption.vThev
childvdoesvnotvhavevasthma.vThevparentsvmustvbevtaughtvaboutvallergyvandvthevriskvofvanaphylaxis.
with correct answers 2025>2026
Whichvsetvofvsymptomsvarevcharacteristicvofvspasticvcerebralvpalsy?
a.vHypertonicityvandvpoorvcontrolvofvposturevbalancevandvcoordinatedvmotion
b.vAthetosisvandvdystonicvmovements
c.vWide-basedvgaitvandvpoorvperformancevofvrapidvrepetitivevmovements
d.vTremorsvandvlackvofvactivevmovementv-vvcorrectvanswersvANS:vA
Hypertonicityvpoorvcontrolvofvposturevbalancevandvcoordinatedvmotionvarevpartvofvthevclassificati
onvofvspasticvcerebralvpalsy.vAthetosisvandvdystonicvmovementsvarevpartvofvthevclassificationvofvdy
skinetic/athetoidvcerebralvpalsy.vWide-
basedvgaitvandvpoorvperformancevofvrapidvrepetitivevmovementsvarevpartvofvthevclassificationvofva
taxicvcerebralvpalsy.vTremorsvandvlackvofvactivevmovementvmayvindicatevothervneurologicalvdisord
ers.
Thevparentsvofvavchildvwithvcerebralvpalsyvaskvthevnursevifvanyvdrugsvcanvdecreasevtheirvchild'svspas
ticity.vWhatvknowledgevisvthevbasisvofvthevnurses'vresponse?
a.vAnticonvulsantvmedicationsvarevsometimesvusefulvforvcontrollingvspasticity.
b.vMedicationsvthatvwouldvbevusefulvinvreducingvspasticityvarevtoovtoxicvforvusevinvchildren.
c.vManyvdifferentvmedicationsvcanvbevhighlyveffectivevinvcontrollingvspasticity.
d.vAvpumpvcanvbevimplantedvthatvdeliversvmedicationvintovthevintrathecalvspacevtovdecreasevspasti
city.v-vvcorrectvanswersvANS:vD
Baclofenvgivenvintrathecallyvisvbestvsuitedvforvchildrenvwithvseverevspasticityvthatvinterferesvwithva
ctivitiesvofvdailyvlivingvandvambulation.vAnticonvulsantvmedicationsvarevusedvwhenvseizuresvoccurv
,invchildrenvwithvcerebralvpalsy.vThevintrathecalvroutevdecreasesvthevadverseveffectsvofvthevdrugsvth
atvreducevspasticity.vFewvmedicationsvarevpresentlyvavailablevforvthevcontrolvofvspasticity.
Whatvtermvisvusedvforvavhernialvprotrusionvofvavsaclikevcystvofvmeningesvspinalvfluidvandvavportionv
ofvthevspinalvcordvwithvitsvnervesvthroughvavdefectvinvthevvertebralvcolumn?
a.vRachischisis
b.vEncephalocele
c.vMeningocele
d.vMyelomeningocelev-vvcorrectvanswersvANS:vD
Avmyelomeningocelevisvavvisiblevdefectvwithvanvexternalvsaclikevprotrusionvcontainingvmeningesvs
pinalvfluidvandvnerves.vRachischisisvisvavfissurevinvthevspinalvcolumnvthatvleavesvthevmeningesvandvs
pinalvcordvexposed.vEncephalocelevisvavherniationvofvthevbrainvandvmeningesvthroughvavdefectvinvt
hevskullvproducingvavfluid-
filledvsac.vMeningocelevisvavhernialvprotrusionvofvavsaclikevcystvofvmeningesvwithvspinalvfluidvbutvno
vneuralvelements.
Whichvproblemvisvmostvoftenvassociatedvwithvavmyelomeningocele?
a.vHydrocephalus
b.vCraniosynostosis
c.vBiliaryvatresia
d.vEsophagealvatresiav-vvcorrectvanswersvANS:vA
Hydrocephalusvisvavfrequentlyvassociatedvanomalyvinv80vtov90%vofvchildrenvwithvmyelomeningoce
le.vCraniosynostosisvisvthevprematurevclosingvofvthevcranialvsuturesvandvisvnotvassociatedvwithvmye
lomeningocele.vBiliaryvandvesophagealvatresiasvarevnotvassociatedvwithvmyelomeningocele.
Whatvisvthevmostvcommonvproblemvforvchildrenvbornvwithvavmyelomeningocele?
a.vNeurogenicvbladder
b.vCognitivevimpairment
c.vRespiratoryvcompromise
,d.vCranioschisisv-vvcorrectvanswersvANS:vA
Myelomeningocelevisvonevofvthevmostvcommonvcausesvofvneuropathicv(neurogenic)vbladdervdysfu
nctionvamongvchildren.vRiskvofvcognitivevimpairmentvisvminimizedvthroughvearlyvinterventionvandv
managementvofvhydrocephalus.vRespiratoryvcompromisevisvnotvavcommonvproblemvinvmyelomeni
ngocele.vCranioschisisvisvavskullvdefectvthroughvwhichvvariousvtissuesvprotrudevandvisvnotvassociate
dvwithvmyelomeningocele.
Whichvsupplementvisvrecommendedvtovpreventvneuralvtubevdefects?
a.vVitaminvAvthroughoutvpregnancy
b.vMultivitaminvpreparationsvasvsoonvasvpregnancyvisvsuspected
c.vFolicvacidvforvallvwomenvofvchild-bearingvage
d.vFolicvacidvduringvthevfirstvandvsecondvtrimestersvofvpregnancyv-vvcorrectvanswersvANS:vC
Thevwidespreadvusevofvfolicvacidvamongvwomenvofvchildbearingvagevisvexpectedvtovdecreasevthevin
cidencevofvspinavbifidavsignificantly.vVitaminvAvdoesvnotvhavevavrelationvtovthevpreventionvofvspinav
bifida.vFolicvacidvsupplementationvisvrecommendedvforvthevpreconceptionvperiodvandvduringvthev
pregnancyvbutvonlyv42%vofvwomenvactuallyvfollowvthesevguidelines.
Howvmuchvfolicvacidvisvrecommendedvasvavdailyvdosevforvwomenvofvchild-bearingvage?
a.v0.1vmg
b.v0.4vmg
c.v1.5vmg
d.v2vmgv-vvcorrectvanswersvANS:vB
Itvhasvbeenvestimatedvthatvavdailyvintakevofv0.4vmgvofvfolicvacidvinvwomenvofvchild-
bearingvagevwillvpreventv50vtov70%vofvcasesvofvneuralvtubevdefects.vAv0.1vmgvdosevisvtoovlowvandv1.
5vandv2vmgvarevnotvrecommendedvdosagesvofvfolicvacid.
Thevnursevisvcaringvforvanvinfantvbornvwithvavmyelomeningocele.vSurgeryvtovrepairvthevdefectvisvsch
eduledvforvthevnextvday.vWhatvisvthevmostvappropriatevwayvtovpositionvandvfeedvthisvnewborn?
a.vLeftvlateralvandvtubevfeed
, b.vPronevturnvheadvtovsidevandvnipplevfeed
c.vSupinevinvinfantvcarriervandvnipplevfeed
d.vSupinevwithvdefectvsupportedvwithvrolledvblanketsvandvnipplevfeedv-vvcorrectvanswersvANS:vB
Invthevpronevpositionvfeedingvisvavproblem.vThevinfant'svheadvmustvbevturnedvtovonevsidevforvfeedi
ng.vIfvthevchildvisvablevtovnipplevfeedvtherevisvnovindicationvforvtubevfeeding.vBeforevsurgeryvthevinfa
ntvshouldvbevkeptvinvthevpronevpositionvtovminimizevtensionvonvthevsacvandvriskvofvtrauma.
Thevnursevisvtalkingvtovavparentvwithvavchildvwhovhasvavlatexvallergy.vWhichvstatementvbyvthevparen
tvindicatesvshevcorrectlyvunderstandsvthevteaching?
a.v"Myvchildvwillvhavevanvallergicvreactionvifvhevcomesvinvcontactvwithvyeastvproducts."
b.v"Myvchildvmayvhavevanvupsetvstomachvifvheveatsvfoodsvmadevwithvwheatvorvbarley."
c.v"Myvchildvwillvprobablyvdevelopvanvallergyvtovpeanuts."
d.v"Myvchildvshouldvnotveatvbananasvorvkiwis."v-vvcorrectvanswersvANS:vD
Therevarevcross-
reactionsvbetweenvlatexvallergiesvandvavnumbervofvfoodsvsuchvasvbananasvavocadosvkiwisvandvche
stnuts.vAlthoughvyeastvproductsvwheatvandvbarleyvandvpeanutsvarevpotentialvallergensvtheyvarevcu
rrentlyvnotvknownvtovcross-reactvwithvlatex.
Avlatexvallergyvisvsuspectedvinvavchildvwithvspinavbifida.vWhichvisvanvappropriatevnursingvinterventi
on?
a.vAvoidvusingvanyvlatexvproduct.
b.vUsevonlyvnonallergenicvlatexvproducts.
c.vAdministervmedicationvforvlong-termvdesensitization.
d.vTeachvthevfamilyvaboutvlong-termvmanagementvofvasthma.v-vvcorrectvanswersvANS:vA
Carevmustvbevtakenvsovthatvindividualsvwhovarevatvhighvriskvforvlatexvallergiesvdovnotvcomevinvdirect
vorvsecondaryvcontactvwithvproductsvorvequipmentvcontainingvlatexvatvanyvtimevduringvmedicalvtre
atment.vTherevarevnovnonallergicvlatexvproducts.vAtvthisvtimevdesensitizationvisvnotvanvoption.vThev
childvdoesvnotvhavevasthma.vThevparentsvmustvbevtaughtvaboutvallergyvandvthevriskvofvanaphylaxis.
