Essential Pathology for Medical and
Nursing Students- edition 10
What is inflammation? - ANS>>the response of living tissues to infection and tissue
damage by recruiting cells and molecules of the host defense from the circulatory
system to the site needed to eliminate the offending agent
What is dynamic about inflammation? - ANS>>starts with damage and ends with
healing and repair
What is the difference between inflammation and infection? - ANS>>infection is always
caused by pathogens
What is the role of histamine/serotonin in inflammation? (2) - ANS>>vasodilation and
vascular permeability
What is the role of prostaglandin in inflammation? (3) - ANS>>vasodilation, fever, and
pain
What is the role of leukotrienes in inflammation? (2) - ANS>>vascular permeability and
chemotaxis/activation
What is the role of complement products in inflammation? (2) - ANS>>vascular
permeability and chemotaxis/activation
What is the role of bradykinin in inflammation? (2) - ANS>>vascular permeability and
pain
What is the role of TNF and IL-1 in inflammation? (3) - ANS>>vascular permeability,
adhesion, and chemotaxis /activation
what is the role of chemokines in inflammation? (1) - ANS>>chemotaxis/activation
What is the role of just TNF in inflammation? (2) - ANS>>fever and pain
Which cells of inflammation reside in the blood? (5) - ANS>>macrophages (monocytes)
neutrophils (histiocyte)
NKC
antibodies
complement proteins
Which cells of inflammation reside in the tissues? (3) - ANS>>mature macrophages
dendritic cells
, mast cells
What are the cardinal signs and symptoms of acute inflammation? (5) - ANS>>Calor
(heat)
rubor (redness)
tumor (swelling)
dolor (pain)
functio laesa (loss of function)
What causes calor? - ANS>>increased blood flow at the site of inflammation
(vasodilation)
What causes rubor? - ANS>>result of vasodilation and vascular congestion
What causes tumor? - ANS>>exudate edema
What are the leukocytes involved in acute inflammation? - ANS>>neutrophils mainly
What are the leukocytes involved in chronic inflammation? (4) - ANS>>macrophages
B-cells
T-cells
antibody producing plasma cells
What is Starlings hypothesis? - ANS>>fluid balance between the intersitia and
intravasculature
How is fluid balanced between interstitial fluid and intravascular fluid?
hydrostatic pressure
osmotic pressure - ANS>>fluid moving into blood vessels and fluid moving out of blood
vessels.
-balance between intravasculature hydrostatic pressure and tissue hydrostatic pressure
-balance between osmotic pressure of interstitial fluid and osmotic pressure of plasma
proteins
What is transudate edema? - ANS>>-increased fluid in the interstitia due to increased
hydrostatic pressure
What is exudate edema? - ANS>>increased fluid containing proteins and cells from the
intravasculature space caused by increased vasculature permeability and increased
interstitial osmotic pressure
What is a capillary bed? - ANS>>connects the flow of blood from the arteries into veins
Nursing Students- edition 10
What is inflammation? - ANS>>the response of living tissues to infection and tissue
damage by recruiting cells and molecules of the host defense from the circulatory
system to the site needed to eliminate the offending agent
What is dynamic about inflammation? - ANS>>starts with damage and ends with
healing and repair
What is the difference between inflammation and infection? - ANS>>infection is always
caused by pathogens
What is the role of histamine/serotonin in inflammation? (2) - ANS>>vasodilation and
vascular permeability
What is the role of prostaglandin in inflammation? (3) - ANS>>vasodilation, fever, and
pain
What is the role of leukotrienes in inflammation? (2) - ANS>>vascular permeability and
chemotaxis/activation
What is the role of complement products in inflammation? (2) - ANS>>vascular
permeability and chemotaxis/activation
What is the role of bradykinin in inflammation? (2) - ANS>>vascular permeability and
pain
What is the role of TNF and IL-1 in inflammation? (3) - ANS>>vascular permeability,
adhesion, and chemotaxis /activation
what is the role of chemokines in inflammation? (1) - ANS>>chemotaxis/activation
What is the role of just TNF in inflammation? (2) - ANS>>fever and pain
Which cells of inflammation reside in the blood? (5) - ANS>>macrophages (monocytes)
neutrophils (histiocyte)
NKC
antibodies
complement proteins
Which cells of inflammation reside in the tissues? (3) - ANS>>mature macrophages
dendritic cells
, mast cells
What are the cardinal signs and symptoms of acute inflammation? (5) - ANS>>Calor
(heat)
rubor (redness)
tumor (swelling)
dolor (pain)
functio laesa (loss of function)
What causes calor? - ANS>>increased blood flow at the site of inflammation
(vasodilation)
What causes rubor? - ANS>>result of vasodilation and vascular congestion
What causes tumor? - ANS>>exudate edema
What are the leukocytes involved in acute inflammation? - ANS>>neutrophils mainly
What are the leukocytes involved in chronic inflammation? (4) - ANS>>macrophages
B-cells
T-cells
antibody producing plasma cells
What is Starlings hypothesis? - ANS>>fluid balance between the intersitia and
intravasculature
How is fluid balanced between interstitial fluid and intravascular fluid?
hydrostatic pressure
osmotic pressure - ANS>>fluid moving into blood vessels and fluid moving out of blood
vessels.
-balance between intravasculature hydrostatic pressure and tissue hydrostatic pressure
-balance between osmotic pressure of interstitial fluid and osmotic pressure of plasma
proteins
What is transudate edema? - ANS>>-increased fluid in the interstitia due to increased
hydrostatic pressure
What is exudate edema? - ANS>>increased fluid containing proteins and cells from the
intravasculature space caused by increased vasculature permeability and increased
interstitial osmotic pressure
What is a capillary bed? - ANS>>connects the flow of blood from the arteries into veins
