N4581 - Exam 2 (Complex Needs -
Reid)
_____ is an amino acid which contributes to atherosclerosis. This is a _______
(modifiable/non-modifiable) risk for _______. – answer homocysteine
modifiable
coronary artery disease
What are the preferred values for the following;
HDL
LDL
total cholesterol
triglycerides - answerHDL > 50 (Healthy cholesterol)
LDL < 100 (Lousy cholesterol)
total < 200
triglycerides < 150
What diagnostic screening measures ejection fraction?
What is normal EF? - answerECHO (ultrasound of heart)
normal EF: 50-65%
What diagnostic screening measures tolerance of ADLs? - answer6-minute walk test
Coronary angiogram aka __________ - answercardiac catheterization
Cardiac cath aka ________ gives info on (3) - answeraka coronary angiogram
patency of coronary arteries (heart arteries, not other vessels)
O2 levels
chamber pressures
*uses contrast so no iodine allergies!
Someone allergic to shellfish cannot have what diagnostic study done? Why? -
answercardiac cath because uses contrast
Which diagnostic screening requires NPO status? For how long?
What type of sedation is used?
What drugs are expected with this sedation? - answercardiac cath aka coronary
angiogram
6-12 hours prior to px
conscious sedation
versed and fentanyl
, What type of sedation is used for cardia cath? - answerconscious sedation
uses versed and fentanyl
Pre-op care for cardiac cath (3) - answerpre-op: assess pulses, color, & sensation of
extremities
Post-op care for cardiac cath - answerVS done q15m x4, q30m x2, q1h x2
check extremities: pulses, color, sensation, temp
assess puncture site for bleeding & hematoma
assess breathing
How often are VS checked post cardiac cath? - answerq15m x4
q30m x2
q1h x2
What is the most common complication associated with a cardiac cath? -
answerbleeding and hematoma of insertion site
What are the types of angina? Describe each (5) - answerstable: predictable &
consistent, increases with effort, relieved by nitro
unstable: increase in frequency & severity, may not be relieve by nitro
intractable/refractory: severe, debilitating pain
variant: pain at rest with reversed ST caused by vasospasm
silent: evidence of ischemia but no pain
Define chronic stable angina (3 part definition) - answerintermittent pain occurring over
long period with same pattern of onset, duration, & intensity
How long does pain last with chronic stable angina?
Does pain occur at rest? - answerpain lasts ~3-5 minutes
rarely pain at rest
Does infarct occur with chronic stable angina? - answerNO! only transient ischemia
Precipitating factors for stable angina (5) - answerexercise
temperature extremes
heavy meals
smoking
emotional upset (stress)
When should someone with chronic stable angina seek immediate medical help? -
answer∆ in pain
worsening pattern
occurs at rest/sleep
In order of use, what can be prescribed for angina treatment? - answer*think of ABCD*
Reid)
_____ is an amino acid which contributes to atherosclerosis. This is a _______
(modifiable/non-modifiable) risk for _______. – answer homocysteine
modifiable
coronary artery disease
What are the preferred values for the following;
HDL
LDL
total cholesterol
triglycerides - answerHDL > 50 (Healthy cholesterol)
LDL < 100 (Lousy cholesterol)
total < 200
triglycerides < 150
What diagnostic screening measures ejection fraction?
What is normal EF? - answerECHO (ultrasound of heart)
normal EF: 50-65%
What diagnostic screening measures tolerance of ADLs? - answer6-minute walk test
Coronary angiogram aka __________ - answercardiac catheterization
Cardiac cath aka ________ gives info on (3) - answeraka coronary angiogram
patency of coronary arteries (heart arteries, not other vessels)
O2 levels
chamber pressures
*uses contrast so no iodine allergies!
Someone allergic to shellfish cannot have what diagnostic study done? Why? -
answercardiac cath because uses contrast
Which diagnostic screening requires NPO status? For how long?
What type of sedation is used?
What drugs are expected with this sedation? - answercardiac cath aka coronary
angiogram
6-12 hours prior to px
conscious sedation
versed and fentanyl
, What type of sedation is used for cardia cath? - answerconscious sedation
uses versed and fentanyl
Pre-op care for cardiac cath (3) - answerpre-op: assess pulses, color, & sensation of
extremities
Post-op care for cardiac cath - answerVS done q15m x4, q30m x2, q1h x2
check extremities: pulses, color, sensation, temp
assess puncture site for bleeding & hematoma
assess breathing
How often are VS checked post cardiac cath? - answerq15m x4
q30m x2
q1h x2
What is the most common complication associated with a cardiac cath? -
answerbleeding and hematoma of insertion site
What are the types of angina? Describe each (5) - answerstable: predictable &
consistent, increases with effort, relieved by nitro
unstable: increase in frequency & severity, may not be relieve by nitro
intractable/refractory: severe, debilitating pain
variant: pain at rest with reversed ST caused by vasospasm
silent: evidence of ischemia but no pain
Define chronic stable angina (3 part definition) - answerintermittent pain occurring over
long period with same pattern of onset, duration, & intensity
How long does pain last with chronic stable angina?
Does pain occur at rest? - answerpain lasts ~3-5 minutes
rarely pain at rest
Does infarct occur with chronic stable angina? - answerNO! only transient ischemia
Precipitating factors for stable angina (5) - answerexercise
temperature extremes
heavy meals
smoking
emotional upset (stress)
When should someone with chronic stable angina seek immediate medical help? -
answer∆ in pain
worsening pattern
occurs at rest/sleep
In order of use, what can be prescribed for angina treatment? - answer*think of ABCD*
