ONS FUNDAMENTALS QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS 100% CORRECT RATED A+
NEWLY UPDATED 2025
when chemo is used before primary treatment (surgery) to reduce the size of a
tumor -ANSWER✔✔neoadjuvant therapy
neoadjuvant therapy is common for what 2 kind of cancers? -ANSWER✔✔colon
and breast
when chemo is used after primary (surgery, radiation) -ANSWER✔✔adjuvant
induction -ANSWER✔✔start of chemo
consolidation -ANSWER✔✔testing labs and such after chemo
myeloblation -ANSWER✔✔destroying the bone marrow in order to a transplant
for leukemias
what do alkylayting agents do? -ANSWER✔✔directly damage the DNA to stop
replication
Alkylating agents major side effects -ANSWER✔✔naseau and vomititng,
myelosupression, neurotoxicity
, alkylating ages examples -ANSWER✔✔cisplatin, carboplatin, busulfan,
cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, melphalan, oxaliplatin
cyclophosphamide -ANSWER✔✔used for leukemias, lymphomas, myeloma,
breast and ovarian cancer, neuroblastoma, and retinoblastoma. HYDRATE before
and after (can cause acute hemmoragic cystitis). can cause liver and renal damage.
can cause extreme nausea, and cardiac issues. contraindicated if extreme marrow
suppression.
cisplatin -ANSWER✔✔used for bladder, testes, ovaries, endometrial cancer, lung
cancer, head and neck and squamous cell. contraindicated for bad kidneys, hearing
loss, neuropathy, lactation, and myelosupresion. vesicant. can cause neuropathy
and ototoxicmy, extreme nausea, delayed nausea. need fluids!
carboplatin -ANSWER✔✔ovaries, head and neck, lung, cervial, metastatic breast,
testicular, lymphoma, relapse leukemia. contraindicated with marrow suppression,
lactation, and bleeding tendencies. anaphylactic reactions can occur!
Antimetabolites -ANSWER✔✔interfere with DNA. methotrexate and flourouracil.
can cause myelosupresion, nausea and vomiting, mucositis, and gastrointestinal
toxicity.
methotrexate -ANSWER✔✔use aggressive hydration, can cause renal and liver
impairment. no pregnant or breast-feeding. hydrate
5-flourouracil -ANSWER✔✔no people with poor nutrition, myelosupression, or
serious infection. can cause EKG changes, angina, hypotension, myocardial
ischemia. effects normally within first 2 days. avoid excessive sun exposure.
leukovorin can help enhance. give ice chips to hold in mouth 10-15 minutes before
and after transfusion to help prevent mouth soars. assess mouth!!
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS 100% CORRECT RATED A+
NEWLY UPDATED 2025
when chemo is used before primary treatment (surgery) to reduce the size of a
tumor -ANSWER✔✔neoadjuvant therapy
neoadjuvant therapy is common for what 2 kind of cancers? -ANSWER✔✔colon
and breast
when chemo is used after primary (surgery, radiation) -ANSWER✔✔adjuvant
induction -ANSWER✔✔start of chemo
consolidation -ANSWER✔✔testing labs and such after chemo
myeloblation -ANSWER✔✔destroying the bone marrow in order to a transplant
for leukemias
what do alkylayting agents do? -ANSWER✔✔directly damage the DNA to stop
replication
Alkylating agents major side effects -ANSWER✔✔naseau and vomititng,
myelosupression, neurotoxicity
, alkylating ages examples -ANSWER✔✔cisplatin, carboplatin, busulfan,
cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, melphalan, oxaliplatin
cyclophosphamide -ANSWER✔✔used for leukemias, lymphomas, myeloma,
breast and ovarian cancer, neuroblastoma, and retinoblastoma. HYDRATE before
and after (can cause acute hemmoragic cystitis). can cause liver and renal damage.
can cause extreme nausea, and cardiac issues. contraindicated if extreme marrow
suppression.
cisplatin -ANSWER✔✔used for bladder, testes, ovaries, endometrial cancer, lung
cancer, head and neck and squamous cell. contraindicated for bad kidneys, hearing
loss, neuropathy, lactation, and myelosupresion. vesicant. can cause neuropathy
and ototoxicmy, extreme nausea, delayed nausea. need fluids!
carboplatin -ANSWER✔✔ovaries, head and neck, lung, cervial, metastatic breast,
testicular, lymphoma, relapse leukemia. contraindicated with marrow suppression,
lactation, and bleeding tendencies. anaphylactic reactions can occur!
Antimetabolites -ANSWER✔✔interfere with DNA. methotrexate and flourouracil.
can cause myelosupresion, nausea and vomiting, mucositis, and gastrointestinal
toxicity.
methotrexate -ANSWER✔✔use aggressive hydration, can cause renal and liver
impairment. no pregnant or breast-feeding. hydrate
5-flourouracil -ANSWER✔✔no people with poor nutrition, myelosupression, or
serious infection. can cause EKG changes, angina, hypotension, myocardial
ischemia. effects normally within first 2 days. avoid excessive sun exposure.
leukovorin can help enhance. give ice chips to hold in mouth 10-15 minutes before
and after transfusion to help prevent mouth soars. assess mouth!!
