CMN 548 Module 3 Study Questions | Complete Solutions (Verified Answers)

CMN 548 Module 3 Study Questions | Complete Solutions (Verified Answers) There are three phases of a therapeutic nurse-client relationship. The three phases consist of the introduction (orientation) phase, the working (identification and exploitation) phase, and the termination (resolution) phase. Which of the following is an appropriate nursing action during the working (identification and exploitation) phase: A. Establishing professional boundaries. B. Providing diagnostic evaluation. C. Measuring outcomes of care D. Focusing on self-management strategies. Conflict is normally dealt with using defense mechanisms. Unconsciously excluding unwanted, disturbing emotions, thoughts, and impulses from conscious awareness is an explanation of which defense mechanism: A. Undoing B. Suppression C. Denial D. Repression Erickson's developmental stages and the milestones or tasks that accompany them give insight into age-appropriate behaviors, measure levels of comprehension for client teaching, and provide a context within which to evaluate assessment data. One indication of developmental mastery is the ability to give time and talents to others, and the ability to care for others. This occurs during which of the following developmental stages: A. Middle Adulthood B. Early Adulthood C. School Age D. Adolescence The intrapsychic splitting or separation of affect from content resulting in repression of either idea or affect or the displacement of affect to a different or substitute content describes which defense mechanism: A. Isolation B. Inhibition C. Suppression D. Intellectualization This form of positive psychotherapy combines techniques of cognitive therapy with the Buddhist practice of mindfulness meditation, which encourages people to be more aware of what they are thinking, to live in the moment, and to refrain from evaluating judgements about their own thoughts. A. Positive Behavioral Support B. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) C. Hope Therapy D. Quality of Life Therapy Which of the following are part of the 4 major stages of cognitive development according to Piaget? A. Sensorimotor B. Sensory processing C. Preoperational thought D. Concrete operations E. Formal operations Which of the following is the most prevalent and best-studied example of diencephalic amnesia? A. Anoxic encephalopathy B. Alzheimer disease C. Alcoholic Korsakoff Syndrome D. Temporal lobe epilepsy Which of the following is true regarding the concept of symbolism according to Freud? A. A symbol is representative of or substitute for some other idea from which it derives a secondary significance that it does not possess of itself. B. A symbol represents secondary elements by reason of a common element that these ideas share. C. A symbol is characteristically motor and separate from nature. D. A symbol is a manifest expression of an idea that is conscious and visible. E. Symbolic modes of thought represent the present stage of mental development and tend to function in more conscious expressions and conditions. Which of the following is an example of immature defenses? A. Displacement B. Externalization C. Introjection D. Humor Which theorist proposed that individuals were unique, unified biological entities whose psychological processes fit together into an individual lifestyle, proposed a principle of dynamism, proposed the theory of psychopathology, and whose personality theory involved the concept of moving from a sense of inferiority to a sense of mastery? A. Carl Gustav Jung B. Franz Alexander C. Alfred Adler D. Karen Horney _________ refers to a facilitation of the ability to detect/identify a particular stimulus based on a specific recent experience. a. New learning capacity b. Remote memory c. Priming d. Infantile amnesia Select all that apply. The following are a few characteristics of a therapeutic relationship: A. Acceptance B. Respect C. Authenticity D. All the above Which phase of a therapeutic nurse-client relationship includes clarifying a clients expectations and mutually setting goals? a. Working b. Clarifying c. Termination d. Introduction Sense of inferiority; difficulty with working and learning are developmental failures of which stage? a. Late adulthood b. Early childhood c. School-age d. Early adulthood What is the typical onset of schizophrenia for men and women? a. 18-25 for men; 25-35 for women b. 25-35 for men; 30-35 for women c. 20-30 for men; 15-25 for women d. 12-23 for men; 17-25 for women Piaget's desire to understand how one comes to know things and how knowledge becomes more adequate over time led to designating himself a genetic epistemologist who is one who: A. Studies the development of cognitive changes from infancy to adolescence. B. Studies the development of knowledge from infancy to late adulthood. C. Studies the development of genetic traits from adolescence to late adulthood. D. Studies the development of knowledge from infancy to adolescence. Which of the following is a cognitive development characteristic of Piaget's sensorimotor stage of intellectual development? A. Class inclusion and seriation B. Deferred imitation C. Insight and object permanence D. Hypothetical-deductive thinking Ivan Pavlov used dogs to demonstrate classical (Pavlonian) conditioning. In his famous experiment, he rang a bell and then gave a dog some food. After several rounds, the dogs began to salivate at the sound of the bell. What is the bell known as in the experiment? A. Conditional stimulus (CS) B. Unconditional response (UR) C. Conditional response (CR) D. Unconditional stimulus (US) Suppression is the conscious or semiconscious decision to postpone attention to a conscious impulse or conflict. This is an example of which classification of defense mechanisms? A. Immature defenses B. Mature defenses C. Neurotic defenses D. Narcissistic-psychotic defenses According to Erik Erickson, the developmental task of intimacy versus isolation occurs during which developmental stage? A. Infancy B. Late adulthood C. Early adulthood D. Adolescence Piaget has 4 stages of cognitive development, which stage involves conservation of quantity, weight, volume, length and time? a. Formal operational b. Sensorimotor c. Concrete operational d. Preoperational In Pavlovian conditioning, an unconditional response (UR) is described as: a. Allowing organisms to adapt to their environment. b. Presenting food elicits salivation. c. Presenting a bell-food pairings elicits salivation. d. When the action leads to a negative outcome, there is punishment. Which of the following involves grossly reshaping the experience of external reality to suit inner needs. a. Denial b. Blocking c. Distortion d. Regression. In Piaget's stages of cognitive development, at what stage does the child experience egocentric behavior? a. At 9 months when the child can play peek-a-boo. b. At 4-months when there is eye-hand coordination. c. At 2 to 7 years when toddlers lack the ability to take another's point of view. d. At 2 months when the infant can pay attention to faces and even recognize them. There are several Healthy Involuntary Mental Mechanisms that an individual can develop. Which of the following best describes Altruism? a. A defense that modulates emotional conflict or internal/external stressors through stoicism. b. Getting pleasure from giving to others what that person themselves would have liked to receive. c. The capacity to keep affective response to an unbearable future event in mind in measurable doses. d. The transfer of an irritating grain of sand into a pearl. At what stage do toddlers begin to use language and drawings in more elaborate ways? A. Preoperational thought B. Concrete Operational C. Formal Operational D. Sensorimotor What is a deep and enduring emotional bond that connects one person to another across time and space? A. Bonding B. Attachment C. Separation D. Learning Dr. Jones is assessing Mr. Fowler who exhibits poor memory, abnormal speech, abnormal emotion, and delusions; however, pharmacologic treatment has shown some improvement in his symptoms. What mental disorder does Mr. Fowler have? A. Anxiety B. Bipolar Disorder C. ADHD D. Schizophrenia Michael has a C average in his coursework at school. His mother tells him that if he brings his average to a B, he can play his video game one extra hour per day. This is known as? A. Positive punishment B. Negative punishment C. Positive reinforcement D. Negative reinforcement Mindy's 4-year-old daughter Sophia has been toilet trained for one year. After the birth of her little brother, Sophia starts to wet the bed again. Sophia is exhibiting what type of defense mechanism? A. Suppression B. Undoing C. Repression D. Regression A two-year-old child while at daycare pretends to be her mother and cook a meal which she has seen her mother do previously. This child is exhibiting which feature of child development? a) Primary circular reaction b) Deferred imitation c) Propositional thought d) Equilibration In classical conditioning the sound of a bell elicits salivation in a dog when paired with a food stimulus. In this example, the sound of the bell is the: a) Unconditional stimulus b) Conditional stimulus c) Conditional response d) Unconditional response The subject of an experiment is presented with the word tent, prior to being asked to perform a word association task. In response to the word canvas, the subject produces the word tent. This is an example of: a) Perceptual priming b) Non-declarative memory c) Conceptual priming d) Declarative memory According to Freud's theory of psychosexual development, it is in this stage where the child's own sense of gender identify is consolidated. a) Oral Stage b) Anal Stage c) Urethral Stage d) Phallic Stage According to Erikson's stages of the lifecycle, this stage is associated with productivity, creativity and a concern for future generations and societal institutions. a) Generativity vs. Stagnation b) Integrity vs. Despair c) Initiative vs. Guilt d) Trust vs. Mistrust What is the name of the process that controls the focus and flow of information processing? A. Memory B. Attention C. Emotion D. Amnesia According to Piaget, which sensorimotor stage is characterized by the infant being aware of only action sequences, but not aware of self, while exhibiting mostly primitive reflexes (i.e., suckling reflex). A. Stage 3 B. Stage 4 C. Stage 2 D. Stage 1 The concept by which a child's mental structure is built through interactions between the child and the world is known as: A. Equilibration B. Nativism C. Empiricism D. Constructive structuralism During which stage of the Life Cycle does a client appear to be more concerned with what peers think rather than how the client's views of self? A. Identity versus Role Confusion B. Intimacy versus Isolation C. Generativity versus Stagnation D. Industry versus Inferiority A 17-year-old male's belief he shouldn't be arrested for robbing a store because the store owner has been overcharging people in the community is an example of what defense mechanism? A. Projection B. Intellectualization C. Sublimation D. Rationalization In her 1958 report to the Joint Commission, Marie Jahoda included the following characteristics as criteria of mentally healthy individuals, otherwise known as the Model A definition of mental health/normality (Select all that apply): A. The ability to love, work and play B. Efficient in problem solving C. Possessing of wisdom and knowledge D. Invested in life E. Autonomy Freud included all of the following as characteristics of the unconscious except: A. Elements are inaccessible to consciousness and can only become conscious through access to the preconscious B. It is intimately associated with the pleasure principle C. It is closely related to the instinctual sexual and self-preservation (ego) drives D. It can only be communicated by language or behavior. E. Exclusively associated with primary process thinking. The following defense mechanisms are classified as belonging to the oral stage of development as well as to the narcissistic stage of object relationships (Select all that apply): A. Denial B. Projection C. Distortion D. Magical thinking E. Regression This Austrian neurologist and philosopher believed that people find meaning in their lives through the pursuit of creative and productive work, an appreciation of the world and others and by choosing to adopt a positive attitude even in the face of suffering: A. George Kelly B. Dan McAdams C. Carl Rogers D. Viktor Frankl E. Abraham Maslow A young client discusses feelings of gender dysphoria with their mental health provider and describes a sense of incongruence between the gender assigned to him at birth and his expressed gender. He reports that this incongruence causes him to feel depressed and anxious. As a PMHNP your best initial action is to: A. Order thyroid function tests to assess for hypothyroidism. B. Prescribe a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) for this client and advise him that you can re-visit this issue in 2-4 weeks when the antidepressant has begun to take effect. C. Support this client in their exploration of their gender identity by providing an atmosphere of understanding and acceptance. D. Explain to the young patient that he is biologically male and the sooner he can accept that fact the sooner his depression and anxiety will subside. E. All of the above. Which is an example of Pavlovian conditioning? A. Training for a marathon B. An 11 month old infant taking his 1st steps C. A woman refusing to eat sushi since getting food poisoning after trying sushi for the first time D. A young man learning to walk again after a spinal cord injury What is a facilitation of the ability to detect, or to identify a particular stimulus based on a specific recent experience? A. Declarative memory B. Priming C. Infantile amnesia D. Psychogenic amnesia Who wrote the Interpretation of Dreams in 1900? A. Freud B. Pavlov C. Erickson D. Piaget Which of Piaget's stages of development extends from birth until approximately 1.5 years of age? A. Period of preparation B. Sensorimotor period C. Period of formal operations D. Object permanence Which study emphasizes the importance of attachment dates from birth to death? A. Attachment Theory B. Theory of Relativity C. Object relations theory D. Evolution Morgan likes to explore her parents' house by touching things. One day Morgan touches the burner on the stovetop and burns her hand. Morgan learns that even though some things can be touched, the burner on the stove should not. This experience is an example of: a. Assimilation b. Formal Operations c. Accommodation d. Equilibration Which stage of Freud's Stages of Psychosexual Development is characterized by a boy developing unconscious sexual desires for his mother? a. Phallic Stage b. Anal Stage c. Oral Stage d. Latency Stage A client is 8 years old. Due to traumatic childhood experiences, she still engages in sucking her thumb, speaks in a baby voice. and has very little social interaction. The client always relies on her caregiver and will not do anything without assistance from the caregiver. She experiences extreme levels of anxiety and refuses to be left alone because of fear of neglect. According to Erickson's stages of psychosocial development, this child has regressed to which of the following stages of development? a. Initiative vs. guilt b. Trust vs. mistrust c. Autonomy vs. shame/doubt d. Intimacy vs. isolation What is true about gender identity. a. A person's gender identity can be the same or different from their sexual assignment at birth. b. Most theories and research support that core gender identity is formed by age 4. c. There are no differences between gender identity, sexual identity, and sexual orientation. d. The S.A.G.E. Test, the sex and gender explorer is one of many new tests developed to assess gender identity. According to Kagen, "temperament refers to stable behavioral and emotional reactions that appear early and are influenced in part by genetic constitution". What are the two main types of temperament that Kagen described. a. Approach and Withdrawal b. Regularity and Rhythmicity c. Distractibility and Attention Span d. Inhibited and Unhibited The PMHNP knows the theorist known for his work children with autism and theory that emotions are central to cognition was________? A. Piaget B. Gopnik C. Beck D. Greenspan When evaluating a child's developmental milestones, the PMHNP knows Piaget's four stages of cognitive development consist of _______ A. Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operations and formal operations B. Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latent C. Trust verses mistrust, autonomy verses shame, intimacy verses isolation, integrity verses despair D. attention, sensation, perception, and memory. The PMHNP administers the NEO-PI-3 for a young adult experiencing chronic levels of negative effects such as fear, anger, shame, and sadness. The PMHNP forms a hypothesis that the young adult is experiencing which psychiatric disorder? A. Extraversion B. Neuroticism C. Conscientiousness D. Agreeableness The PMHNP that practices positive therapy designed by Seligman, Tayyab and Rashid, for a one-on-one therapy session with a depressed client uses techniques in this sequential order. A. orientation to therapy, integration, identifying strengths and approaches to happiness. B. Taking stock, orientation to therapy, identifying strengths and approaches to happiness. C. Orientation to therapy, identifying strengths and approaches to happiness, using signature strengths in novel ways. D. orientation to therapy, taking stock, identifying strengths and approaches to happiness. The PMHNP patient struggles with enhanced emotional memory, fear disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder. The area of the of the brain involved with the regulation of emotional behavior is______? A. Hippocampus B. Amygdala C. Neocortex D. Thalamus Piaget's goal was to understand how one expounds on their knowledge using the approach of "Constructivist Structuralism," which is defined as: A. Knowledge acquisition is accumulated through sensory perception data. B. Certain qualities are gathered from innate or given traits. C. Mental structures are built through the child's interactions with the world. D. All the above Harry Stack Sullivan's Social Development Theory focuses on the stages from infancy to adolescence, touching on two theories centered on cognitive and social. Which stage describes excessive anxiety in the face of new intimate relationships and painful trial and error, which can lead to self-ridicule? A. Juvenile B. Childhood C. Preadolescence D. Adolescence Which theorist focused on satisfying a set of needs by organizing and integrating the role in life not to be understood as simple and invariant to environmental pressures, meeting their needs at the lowest level on the motivational hierarchy, moving through each group to reach self-actualization, often skipping the lower classes as their attention is focused on higher needs. A. Abraham Maslow B. Carl Rodgers C. Viktor Frankl D. Gordon Allport The PMHNP, in the setting of inpatient treatment, encounters a patient who is exhibiting severe signs of memory loss, confusion, drowsiness, paralysis of eye movements, and hallucinations; his family says that they frequently find him at home consuming large amounts of alcohol and has had an alcohol addiction for approximately twenty years. With this history and list of current symptoms, the PMHNP anticipates the diagnosis of which memory impairment disease? A. anterograde amnesia B. retrograde amnesia C. herpes simplex encephalitis D. diencephalic amnesia The PMHNP notes a male patient struggles to form a sexual identification, extending through their ability to exhibit mutually satisfying productive interactions. Interpersonal relationships are strained, formal, and stiff. What stage in Erikson's theory is this patient reflecting? A. Generativity versus Stagnation B. Intimacy versus Isolation C. Integrity versus Despair D. Identity versus Identity Confusion 'I refuse to quit smoking! There is absolutely nothing wrong with what I am doing'' This most likely describes an individual who is expressing which of the following stages in the Transtheoretical Model?