MMSC 200 EXAM 2 PREP (CHAPTERS 7-10)
function of urinary system - Answer -elimination of excess water, salts, and waste
products; control of pH
Arterioles - Answer -smallest arteries
calyx or calix - Answer -cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis
catheter - Answer -tube for injecting or removing fluids
cortex - Answer -outer layer of the organ
Creatinine - Answer -nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine
Electrolyte - Answer -chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved
in water. (Na+) (K+)
Erythropoietin (EPO) - Answer -hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the
production of red blood cells by bone marrow
filtration - Answer -A process that separates materials based on the size of their
particles.
glomerular capsule - Answer -enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus
hilum - Answer -depression in an organ where blood vessels and nerves enter and
leave
Meatus - Answer -opening or canal
Medulla - Answer -inner region of an organ
nephron - Answer -the functional unit of the kidney where filtration, reabsorption, and
secretion take place
nitrogenous waste - Answer -substance containing nitrogen and excreted in urine
ex: urea, uric acid, creatinine
potassium (K+) - Answer -electrolyte regulated by the kidney
reabsorption - Answer -process whereby renal tubules return materials necessary to
the body back into the bloodstream
,renal artery - Answer -blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney
renal pelvis - Answer -central collecting region in the kidney
renal vein - Answer -blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward
the heart
calciferol - Answer -active form of vitamin D, secreted by the kidney
Renin - Answer -hormone secreted by the kidney; it raises blood pressure
Sodium (Na+) - Answer -An electrolyte regulated in the blood and urine by the kidneys
trigone - Answer -triangular area in the urinary bladder
Urea - Answer -major nitrogenous waste excreted in urine
ureter - Answer -one of two tubes leading from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
Urethra - Answer -tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body
uric acid - Answer -nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine
urinary bladder - Answer -hollow, muscular sac that holds and stores urine
urination (voiding) - Answer -process of expelling urine; also called micturition
meat/o - Answer -meatus (opening)
cyst/o, vesic/o - Answer -urinary bladder
cali/o, calic/o - Answer -calyx (calix); cup-shaped
pyel/o - Answer -renal pelvis
ureter/o - Answer -ureter
urethr/o - Answer -urethra
azot/o - Answer -nitrogen
dips/o - Answer -thirst
kal/o - Answer -Potassium
ket/o, keton/o - Answer -ketone bodies
,natr/o - Answer -Sodium
olig/o - Answer -scanty
-poietin - Answer -substance that forms
py/o - Answer -pus
-tripsy - Answer -to crush
ur/o - Answer -urine, urea
urin/o - Answer -urine
-uria - Answer -urination
isch/o - Answer -to hold back
angi/o - Answer -vessel (blood)
afferent arteriole - Answer -The small artery that carries blood toward the capillaries of
the glomerulus.
efferent arteriole - Answer -The small artery that carries blood away from the capillaries
of the glomerulus.
Four steps in the formation of urine - Answer -1. Glomerular filtration
2. Tubular reabsorption
3. Tubular secretion
4. Water reabsorption
parenchyma - Answer -Fundamental tissue composed of thin-walled living cells that
function in photosynthesis and storage. (kidney parenchyma is the nephron) 1 million in
each kidney
Aldosterone - Answer --controls salt and water balance of the body
-regulated by the renin-angiotensin system
JGA - Answer -juxtaglomerular apparatus
juxtaglomerular apparatus - Answer -in the nephron, the complex of cells from the distal
tubule and the afferent arteriole which helps regulate blood pressure by secreting renin
in response to blood pressure changes in the kidney; located near the glomerulus
, antidiuretic hormone (ADH) - Answer -Hormone produced in hypothalamus that
stimulates water reabsorption from kidney tubule cells into the blood and
vasoconstriction of arterioles.
diabetes inspidus (DI) - Answer -caused by hypo secretion of ADH by the pituitary
gland. Characterized by the symptoms of polydipsia and polyuria
diabetes mellitus - Answer -insulin is not secreted adequately or tissues are resistant to
its effects
cystitis - Answer -inflammation of the urinary bladder
pyelonephritis - Answer -inflammation of the renal pelvis and the kidney
glomerulonephritis - Answer -inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney
interstitial nephritis - Answer -inflammation of the connective tissue that lies between
the renal tubules
hydronephrosis - Answer -abnormal condition of water in the kidney, due to blockage in
ureter and urethra
nephrolithiasis - Answer -condition of stones in the kidney
extracorporeal lithotripsy - Answer -noninvasive mechanical procedure for using sound
waves to break up renal calculi so that they can pass through the ureters
nephrolithotomy - Answer -incision into a kidney to remove a stone
percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) - Answer -surgeon makes small incision through
skin into the kidney. a nephroscope is inserted into the kidney to remove the stone.
Nephritic syndrome - Answer -Hematuria, hypertension, and oliguria.
polycystic kidneys (PKD) - Answer -multiple fluis-filled sacs (cysts) within & on kidney
*heredity
Hypernephroma (renal cell carcinoma) - Answer -Cancer that originates in the tubules
of the kidney
urinalysis - Answer -the examination of urine to determine the presence of abnormal
elements
Ultrasound - Answer -Sound waves with frequencies above 20,000 Hz.
function of urinary system - Answer -elimination of excess water, salts, and waste
products; control of pH
Arterioles - Answer -smallest arteries
calyx or calix - Answer -cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis
catheter - Answer -tube for injecting or removing fluids
cortex - Answer -outer layer of the organ
Creatinine - Answer -nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine
Electrolyte - Answer -chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved
in water. (Na+) (K+)
Erythropoietin (EPO) - Answer -hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the
production of red blood cells by bone marrow
filtration - Answer -A process that separates materials based on the size of their
particles.
glomerular capsule - Answer -enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus
hilum - Answer -depression in an organ where blood vessels and nerves enter and
leave
Meatus - Answer -opening or canal
Medulla - Answer -inner region of an organ
nephron - Answer -the functional unit of the kidney where filtration, reabsorption, and
secretion take place
nitrogenous waste - Answer -substance containing nitrogen and excreted in urine
ex: urea, uric acid, creatinine
potassium (K+) - Answer -electrolyte regulated by the kidney
reabsorption - Answer -process whereby renal tubules return materials necessary to
the body back into the bloodstream
,renal artery - Answer -blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney
renal pelvis - Answer -central collecting region in the kidney
renal vein - Answer -blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward
the heart
calciferol - Answer -active form of vitamin D, secreted by the kidney
Renin - Answer -hormone secreted by the kidney; it raises blood pressure
Sodium (Na+) - Answer -An electrolyte regulated in the blood and urine by the kidneys
trigone - Answer -triangular area in the urinary bladder
Urea - Answer -major nitrogenous waste excreted in urine
ureter - Answer -one of two tubes leading from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
Urethra - Answer -tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body
uric acid - Answer -nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine
urinary bladder - Answer -hollow, muscular sac that holds and stores urine
urination (voiding) - Answer -process of expelling urine; also called micturition
meat/o - Answer -meatus (opening)
cyst/o, vesic/o - Answer -urinary bladder
cali/o, calic/o - Answer -calyx (calix); cup-shaped
pyel/o - Answer -renal pelvis
ureter/o - Answer -ureter
urethr/o - Answer -urethra
azot/o - Answer -nitrogen
dips/o - Answer -thirst
kal/o - Answer -Potassium
ket/o, keton/o - Answer -ketone bodies
,natr/o - Answer -Sodium
olig/o - Answer -scanty
-poietin - Answer -substance that forms
py/o - Answer -pus
-tripsy - Answer -to crush
ur/o - Answer -urine, urea
urin/o - Answer -urine
-uria - Answer -urination
isch/o - Answer -to hold back
angi/o - Answer -vessel (blood)
afferent arteriole - Answer -The small artery that carries blood toward the capillaries of
the glomerulus.
efferent arteriole - Answer -The small artery that carries blood away from the capillaries
of the glomerulus.
Four steps in the formation of urine - Answer -1. Glomerular filtration
2. Tubular reabsorption
3. Tubular secretion
4. Water reabsorption
parenchyma - Answer -Fundamental tissue composed of thin-walled living cells that
function in photosynthesis and storage. (kidney parenchyma is the nephron) 1 million in
each kidney
Aldosterone - Answer --controls salt and water balance of the body
-regulated by the renin-angiotensin system
JGA - Answer -juxtaglomerular apparatus
juxtaglomerular apparatus - Answer -in the nephron, the complex of cells from the distal
tubule and the afferent arteriole which helps regulate blood pressure by secreting renin
in response to blood pressure changes in the kidney; located near the glomerulus
, antidiuretic hormone (ADH) - Answer -Hormone produced in hypothalamus that
stimulates water reabsorption from kidney tubule cells into the blood and
vasoconstriction of arterioles.
diabetes inspidus (DI) - Answer -caused by hypo secretion of ADH by the pituitary
gland. Characterized by the symptoms of polydipsia and polyuria
diabetes mellitus - Answer -insulin is not secreted adequately or tissues are resistant to
its effects
cystitis - Answer -inflammation of the urinary bladder
pyelonephritis - Answer -inflammation of the renal pelvis and the kidney
glomerulonephritis - Answer -inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney
interstitial nephritis - Answer -inflammation of the connective tissue that lies between
the renal tubules
hydronephrosis - Answer -abnormal condition of water in the kidney, due to blockage in
ureter and urethra
nephrolithiasis - Answer -condition of stones in the kidney
extracorporeal lithotripsy - Answer -noninvasive mechanical procedure for using sound
waves to break up renal calculi so that they can pass through the ureters
nephrolithotomy - Answer -incision into a kidney to remove a stone
percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) - Answer -surgeon makes small incision through
skin into the kidney. a nephroscope is inserted into the kidney to remove the stone.
Nephritic syndrome - Answer -Hematuria, hypertension, and oliguria.
polycystic kidneys (PKD) - Answer -multiple fluis-filled sacs (cysts) within & on kidney
*heredity
Hypernephroma (renal cell carcinoma) - Answer -Cancer that originates in the tubules
of the kidney
urinalysis - Answer -the examination of urine to determine the presence of abnormal
elements
Ultrasound - Answer -Sound waves with frequencies above 20,000 Hz.
