Criminology Unit 11 Theories of White-
Collar Crime well answered already
passed
What is white collar crime? - ANS ✔✔-Crime by powerful corporate executives causes extensive
financial and physical damage each year in the United States and around the world
-Billions of dollars stolen and thousands of people killed, injured, or sickened
-The cost of white-collar crime may be greater than that of street crime (In terms of both
financial loss and physical injuries and deaths)
-Research on white-collar crime became widespread in the 1970s
-However, the first scholar to explore this phenomenon was Edwin Sutherland in the 1930s
Types of white collar crime: - ANS ✔✔-corporate theft
-corporate violence
What is corporate theft? - ANS ✔✔-Price-fixing: Artificially inflating the price of consumer
products
-Embezzlement schemes: Theft from employers, customers, or investors
What is corporate violence? - ANS ✔✔-Knowingly releasing and marketing unsafe products
-Emitting pollution that leads to fatal illnesses
-Exposing employees to dangerous working conditions
What were Sutherland's contributions to theories of white collar crime? - ANS ✔✔-considered
the "father of white-collar crime"
-He coined the term and provided the first definition
, -"A crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his
occupation"
-This definition is still commonly used in white-collar crime research
-A white-collar crime has to be committed by an upper-class person and facilitated by his/her
corporate job
-Embezzlement by a low-level bank employee or domestic violence by the CEO of a company
would not be classified as white-collar crimes
What is Sutherland's explanation of White Collar Crime? - ANS ✔✔-Sutherland examined
wrongdoing by 70 large corporations between 1900and 1944
-Almost all of them committed two or more violations of criminal or civil law
-Applied differential association theory to white-collar crime
-People who work in corporations are exposed to criminal definitions
"it is okay to break the law in order to increase profits, "sometimes you have to take risks in
business"
-An excess of criminal definitions leads to white-collar offending
-Law-abiding adolescents become criminal adults because they learn how to commit criminal
behavior from their corporate associates
What was some later work on White Collar Crime? - ANS ✔✔-Major criminological theories
developed in the 1950s and 1960s focused exclusively on lower-class offenders
-Events in the 1970s renewed interest in crimes of the powerful
-crimes by corporations and other powerful entities emerged as a serious societal issue
-criminologists highlighted the issue of white collar crime through several steps
Collar Crime well answered already
passed
What is white collar crime? - ANS ✔✔-Crime by powerful corporate executives causes extensive
financial and physical damage each year in the United States and around the world
-Billions of dollars stolen and thousands of people killed, injured, or sickened
-The cost of white-collar crime may be greater than that of street crime (In terms of both
financial loss and physical injuries and deaths)
-Research on white-collar crime became widespread in the 1970s
-However, the first scholar to explore this phenomenon was Edwin Sutherland in the 1930s
Types of white collar crime: - ANS ✔✔-corporate theft
-corporate violence
What is corporate theft? - ANS ✔✔-Price-fixing: Artificially inflating the price of consumer
products
-Embezzlement schemes: Theft from employers, customers, or investors
What is corporate violence? - ANS ✔✔-Knowingly releasing and marketing unsafe products
-Emitting pollution that leads to fatal illnesses
-Exposing employees to dangerous working conditions
What were Sutherland's contributions to theories of white collar crime? - ANS ✔✔-considered
the "father of white-collar crime"
-He coined the term and provided the first definition
, -"A crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his
occupation"
-This definition is still commonly used in white-collar crime research
-A white-collar crime has to be committed by an upper-class person and facilitated by his/her
corporate job
-Embezzlement by a low-level bank employee or domestic violence by the CEO of a company
would not be classified as white-collar crimes
What is Sutherland's explanation of White Collar Crime? - ANS ✔✔-Sutherland examined
wrongdoing by 70 large corporations between 1900and 1944
-Almost all of them committed two or more violations of criminal or civil law
-Applied differential association theory to white-collar crime
-People who work in corporations are exposed to criminal definitions
"it is okay to break the law in order to increase profits, "sometimes you have to take risks in
business"
-An excess of criminal definitions leads to white-collar offending
-Law-abiding adolescents become criminal adults because they learn how to commit criminal
behavior from their corporate associates
What was some later work on White Collar Crime? - ANS ✔✔-Major criminological theories
developed in the 1950s and 1960s focused exclusively on lower-class offenders
-Events in the 1970s renewed interest in crimes of the powerful
-crimes by corporations and other powerful entities emerged as a serious societal issue
-criminologists highlighted the issue of white collar crime through several steps
