NS 431 exam 4: aging
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_i20fp0
1. Young-old: 65-74
2. Old: 75-84
3. Oldest old: 85+
4. Elderly: Over 65
5. AARP membership (Medicare): Begins at age 50
6. PC term: Older americans
7. What % of americans are over 65: 16.3%
- heterogeneous group
8. Population by 2030: 72 million
20% population over 65
9. Fastest growing segment of the population: 85+
Oldest old rose 274% from 1960-1974
Expected to be 21 million over 85 in 2050 (6 million in 2010)
10. Trends in birth rates and aging: Baby boomers: 75 million babies born from 1946-1964, majority
between 1945-1955
>70% more than born in previous 20 years
11. From 1960 to 2060: Larger proportion of aging population
12. Life expectancy: average remaining life span in years for persons who attain a given age
Ex: infant born in 2019 has life expectancy of 81.4 years (girl)
65 year old american male has life expectancy of 17.8 more years, female 20.4
13. Life expectancy is largely a reflection of the environment: Has increased due to less
infant and childhood mortality, better medical care, public health, sanitation and vaccinations
More causes of death now due to chronic diseases
14. US life expectancy: Lower due to higher infant mortality
15. Life span: Absolute maximum number of years possible
A greater number of people >65 does NOT reflect an increase in maximal life span.
16. Maximal life span in humans: 110-115 years
1/9
, NS 431 exam 4: aging
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_i20fp0
17. Only way to increase life span: Slow down aging
Aging slower = more years of healthy life
18. Characteristics of aging: In "normal" aging, inevitable and irreversible physical changes occur over
time
The pattern and sequence of changes associated with normal aging are the same
19. Decreases as we age: - decrease in rate of cell division: decline in organ function
- decrease in ability to maintain homeostasis and ability to respond to different environmental stimuli
20. Changes in body composition due to aging: Decrease in lean body mass, total body water,
bone density, and increase in body fat
21. Muscle mass decline: Almost linear fashion at the rate of 2-3% per decade after age 30
22% for women
23% for men
Ages 30-70 without exercise
22. Exercise in older adults/elderly: Maintain muscle and bone strength
- reduce sarcopenia, prevent osteoporosis and fractures, improve mobility and balance, reduce risk of falling
- supports brain health: enhanced memory, cognitive function, lower risk dementia and Alzheimer's
-protects against heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, cancer
Easier to achieve negative energy balance
Can allow more positive energy balance in diet if also exercising
23. Positive energy balance and exercise: Can help direct weight gain toward muscle as opposed to
fat, beneficial in preventing sarcopenia or fragility
24. Lean body mass has been shown to: Improve physical activity and weight loss
25. Shift from subcutaneous to truncated body fat with aging: Associated with insulin
resistance
26. Less lean body mass (LBM): Leads to decreased basal metabolic rate and lower energy requirements
As LBM is lost and fat increases, total body water decrease.
Need fewer calories to maintain weight
2/9
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_i20fp0
1. Young-old: 65-74
2. Old: 75-84
3. Oldest old: 85+
4. Elderly: Over 65
5. AARP membership (Medicare): Begins at age 50
6. PC term: Older americans
7. What % of americans are over 65: 16.3%
- heterogeneous group
8. Population by 2030: 72 million
20% population over 65
9. Fastest growing segment of the population: 85+
Oldest old rose 274% from 1960-1974
Expected to be 21 million over 85 in 2050 (6 million in 2010)
10. Trends in birth rates and aging: Baby boomers: 75 million babies born from 1946-1964, majority
between 1945-1955
>70% more than born in previous 20 years
11. From 1960 to 2060: Larger proportion of aging population
12. Life expectancy: average remaining life span in years for persons who attain a given age
Ex: infant born in 2019 has life expectancy of 81.4 years (girl)
65 year old american male has life expectancy of 17.8 more years, female 20.4
13. Life expectancy is largely a reflection of the environment: Has increased due to less
infant and childhood mortality, better medical care, public health, sanitation and vaccinations
More causes of death now due to chronic diseases
14. US life expectancy: Lower due to higher infant mortality
15. Life span: Absolute maximum number of years possible
A greater number of people >65 does NOT reflect an increase in maximal life span.
16. Maximal life span in humans: 110-115 years
1/9
, NS 431 exam 4: aging
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_i20fp0
17. Only way to increase life span: Slow down aging
Aging slower = more years of healthy life
18. Characteristics of aging: In "normal" aging, inevitable and irreversible physical changes occur over
time
The pattern and sequence of changes associated with normal aging are the same
19. Decreases as we age: - decrease in rate of cell division: decline in organ function
- decrease in ability to maintain homeostasis and ability to respond to different environmental stimuli
20. Changes in body composition due to aging: Decrease in lean body mass, total body water,
bone density, and increase in body fat
21. Muscle mass decline: Almost linear fashion at the rate of 2-3% per decade after age 30
22% for women
23% for men
Ages 30-70 without exercise
22. Exercise in older adults/elderly: Maintain muscle and bone strength
- reduce sarcopenia, prevent osteoporosis and fractures, improve mobility and balance, reduce risk of falling
- supports brain health: enhanced memory, cognitive function, lower risk dementia and Alzheimer's
-protects against heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, cancer
Easier to achieve negative energy balance
Can allow more positive energy balance in diet if also exercising
23. Positive energy balance and exercise: Can help direct weight gain toward muscle as opposed to
fat, beneficial in preventing sarcopenia or fragility
24. Lean body mass has been shown to: Improve physical activity and weight loss
25. Shift from subcutaneous to truncated body fat with aging: Associated with insulin
resistance
26. Less lean body mass (LBM): Leads to decreased basal metabolic rate and lower energy requirements
As LBM is lost and fat increases, total body water decrease.
Need fewer calories to maintain weight
2/9
