UNDERSTANDING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, 7TH EDITION EXAM

UNDERSTANDING
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, 7TH EDITION
EXAM

1. Which of the following describes a eukaryotic cell?
a. Contains circular DNA
b. Lacks a defined nucleus
c. ✅ Contains supercoiled DNA and histones
d. Has no membrane-bound organelles
2. What is the nucleus responsible for?
a. Cellular respiration
b. Protein synthesis
c. ✅ Housing DNA within a membrane-bound structure
d. Transport of ions
3. What is the process of respiration?
a. Absorbing water for growth
b. ✅ Absorbing oxygen to produce energy
c. Releasing carbon dioxide
d. Passive diffusion of gases
4. The nucleolus is best described as:
a. Site of lipid synthesis
b. ✅ Region within the nucleus containing genetic material
c. Membrane surrounding mitochondria
d. Protein channel in the plasma membrane
5. What are integral membrane proteins?
a. Proteins loosely attached to the membrane
b. ✅ Proteins that dissolve the bilayer to remove attached proteins
c. Hormones secreted by cells
d. Enzymes located in the cytosol
6. Ligands are:
a. Structural proteins
b. ✅ Molecules that bind to plasma membrane receptors
c. Enzymes that break down ATP
d. Genetic materials
7. Which extracellular matrix protein is decreased in metastatic cancer?
a. Collagen
b. Elastin
c. ✅ Fibronectin
d. Keratin



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,8. A cell junction allows:
a. Hormone secretion
b. DNA replication
c. ✅ Direct communication between adjacent cells
d. ATP production
9. Paracrine signaling refers to:
a. Hormones circulating in the bloodstream
b. ✅ Local chemical mediators affecting nearby cells
c. Electrical transmission
d. Genetic signaling
10. Enzyme affinity means:
a. Low attraction between enzyme and substrate
b. ✅ High attraction of enzymes to specific substrates
c. Random binding of enzymes
d. Enzyme inhibition
11. Metabolic absorption refers to:
a. Protein secretion
b. ✅ Uptake of nutrients for cellular energy
c. Excretion of waste
d. DNA synthesis
12. Cell adhesion molecules help:
a. Move ions across membranes
b. Produce enzymes
c. ✅ Cells stick to each other
d. Convert ATP to energy
13. Glycoproteins are:
a. Simple sugars
b. ✅ Proteins with carbohydrate chains marking cell identity
c. Lipid molecules
d. Nucleic acids
14. Gap junctions allow:
a. ✅ Communication between adjacent cells
b. Hormone transport
c. Protein synthesis
d. Ion storage
15. The desmosome provides:
a. ✅ Mechanical stability between cells
b. Water transport
c. Active transport
d. ATP production
16. Tight junctions act as:
a. Energy stores
b. ✅ Barriers preventing leakage between epithelial cells
c. Cell nuclei
d. Ion channels



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,17. Mitochondria are responsible for:
a. Protein synthesis
b. ✅ Cellular respiration and energy production
c. Lipid storage
d. Cell division
18. Ribosomes function as:
a. ATP producers
b. ✅ Sites of protein synthesis
c. Cell membranes
d. Enzyme stores
19. The cytoplasm is:
a. The cell’s nucleus
b. The cell membrane
c. ✅ The fluid inside the cell excluding the nucleus
d. Mitochondrial matrix
20. Collagen provides:
a. Elasticity
b. ✅ Structural support in the extracellular matrix
c. Hormone signaling
d. Ion exchange
21. Elastin allows:
a. Rigidity
b. ✅ Elasticity in tissues
c. Structural stiffness
d. DNA replication
22. Alpha cells secrete:
a. ✅ Glucagon
b. Insulin
c. Somatostatin
d. Epinephrine
23. Beta cells secrete:
a. Glucagon
b. ✅ Insulin
c. Lipase
d. Amylase
24. The citric acid cycle:
a. Produces minimal ATP
b. ✅ Produces most ATP during catabolism
c. Occurs without oxygen
d. Takes place in the nucleus
25. The phases of catabolism include:
a. Glycolysis only
b. ✅ Digestion, glycolysis, oxidation, and citric acid cycle
c. Photosynthesis and diffusion
d. Filtration and osmosis



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, 26. Anaerobic glycolysis:
a. Requires oxygen
b. ✅ Occurs without oxygen to maintain muscle performance
c. Stops energy production
d. Occurs in mitochondria
27. Diffusion is:
a. ✅ Movement of solute from high to low concentration
b. Movement against concentration gradient
c. ATP-dependent transport
d. Water-only movement
28. Electrolytes are:
a. Sugars
b. ✅ Electrically charged molecules essential for body functions
c. Uncharged particles
d. Neutral fats
29. Oncotic pressure depends on:
a. Electrolyte concentration
b. ✅ Plasma protein concentration
c. Oxygen levels
d. Blood flow
30. Hydrostatic pressure refers to:
a. ✅ Force of fluid against a membrane
b. Osmotic pull
c. Cellular respiration
d. ATP production
31. Active transport involves:
a. ✅ Movement of molecules against a concentration gradient using energy
b. Passive diffusion
c. Osmosis
d. No energy usage
32. Osmosis is the:
a. ✅ Movement of water across a semipermeable membrane
b. Movement of solute
c. ATP-driven transport
d. Formation of proteins
33. Glycolysis is:
a. Final step in protein synthesis
b. ✅ Initial phase of glucose metabolism producing ATP
c. Fat metabolism
d. Part of photosynthesis
34. Oxidation in catabolism:
a. Involves protein breakdown
b. ✅ Involves electron transfer for energy production
c. Requires no oxygen
d. Occurs in cytoplasm only



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