MICROBIO Chapter 12
1. prophylaxis: use of drugs to prevent imminent infection of a person at risk
2. antibiotic: common metabolic products of fungi and bacteria
3. Kirby-Bauer test: check drug susceptibility
- bacteria placed on plate and small discs with antibiotics
- check for clearing
(big clearing/small clearing)
4. big clearing: good antibiotic for bacteria
5. small clearing: small antibiotic for bacteria
6. minimum inhibitory concentration: lowest concentration of drugs that visibly inhibits growth
7. therapeutic index: ratio of the dose of drug toxic to humans to its minimum (therapeutic dose)
higher number = better, safer
8. selective toxicity: antimicrobial drugs should attach microbial cells without harming cells
1/2
, penicillin has a good selective toxicity
9. targets of chemotherapeutic drugs: - cell wall
- protein synthesis
- nucleic acid synthesis
- cell membranes
- folic acid synthesis
10. cell wall: penicillin, cephalosporins
11. protein synthesis: tetracyclines, aminoglycoside, glycylcycline, erythromycins (least toxic), clindamycin,
telithromycin
12. nucleic acid synthesis: fluoroquinolones
13. cell membranes: polymyxins (toxic to kidneys)
14. folic acid synthesis: sulfonamides
15. broad spectrum drugs: effective against more than one group of bacteria
tetracyclines, aminoglycoside, erythromycins, fluoroquinolones
16. narrow spectrum drugs: only targets a specific group
2/2
1. prophylaxis: use of drugs to prevent imminent infection of a person at risk
2. antibiotic: common metabolic products of fungi and bacteria
3. Kirby-Bauer test: check drug susceptibility
- bacteria placed on plate and small discs with antibiotics
- check for clearing
(big clearing/small clearing)
4. big clearing: good antibiotic for bacteria
5. small clearing: small antibiotic for bacteria
6. minimum inhibitory concentration: lowest concentration of drugs that visibly inhibits growth
7. therapeutic index: ratio of the dose of drug toxic to humans to its minimum (therapeutic dose)
higher number = better, safer
8. selective toxicity: antimicrobial drugs should attach microbial cells without harming cells
1/2
, penicillin has a good selective toxicity
9. targets of chemotherapeutic drugs: - cell wall
- protein synthesis
- nucleic acid synthesis
- cell membranes
- folic acid synthesis
10. cell wall: penicillin, cephalosporins
11. protein synthesis: tetracyclines, aminoglycoside, glycylcycline, erythromycins (least toxic), clindamycin,
telithromycin
12. nucleic acid synthesis: fluoroquinolones
13. cell membranes: polymyxins (toxic to kidneys)
14. folic acid synthesis: sulfonamides
15. broad spectrum drugs: effective against more than one group of bacteria
tetracyclines, aminoglycoside, erythromycins, fluoroquinolones
16. narrow spectrum drugs: only targets a specific group
2/2
