DVT Exam Rated A+

DVT Exam Rated A+ Common reasons for venous disorders - Answer- incompetent valves (chronic) obstruction of venous return to the heart due to thrombus (acute) Venous thromboembolism - Answer- *deep vein thrombosis* 50% develop a PE as a complication Virchow's Triad - Answer- 2 of the 3 must be present to have a thrombi form DVT risk factors - Answer- 40 + years women major surgery in the past 3 months trauma long bone and pelvis fractures with casting immobility for more than 3 days prolonged sitting recent travel on plane or in a car dehydration meds (oral contraceptives, estrogen, steroids, NSAIDs) CHF, obesity, ulcerative colitis, active cancer H/O clotting disorders Preventing DVTs - Answer- sequential stockings (must wear 90% or the time) early post-op ambulation education TEDs (not when DVT is present) *do not massage calves* ROM Fluids S/S of DVT - Answer- calf or groin tenderness pain unilateral edema of leg (calf circumference) redness/warmth tender. dilated veins, induration (hardening) low grade fever +Homan's sign Venous Duplex Ultrasonography - Answer- vein mapping (noninvasive) assess the flow of blood through the veins Venogram - Answer- -uses DYE --only done if absolutely necessary -most accurate if other tests neg & DVT still suspected d-Dimer test - Answer- global marker blood test -measures fibrin degradation products -risk assessment as well Prevention of PE - Answer- monitor of S/S (SOB, tachypnea, chest pain, acute confusion) -feeling of impending doom -elevate leg -*ambulation* -warm compression -anticoagulant therapy Greenfield Filter - Answer- inferior vena cava filtration *best to prevent PE* Indications: poor response to meds, recurrent DVT/PE, prophylaxis for bariatric surgery