UCI BIO 93 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS
AND DETAILED ANSWERS. EXPERT
VERIFIED FOR GUARANTEED PASS.
What are the four most common elements in living matter? - ANS Hydrogen, Oxygen,
Nitrogen, and Carbon --make up 96% of all living matter.
Properties of Acids - ANS Donate H+ to a solution, accept electrons, and have a pH of <7
What happens in the S phase of the cell cycle? - ANS DNA Synthesis
What happens in the G1 phase of the cell cycle? - ANS Growth -- cell contents are duplicated.
What happens in the G2 phase of the cell cycle? - ANS More growth and preparation for
division.
What happens in the M phase of the cell cycle? - ANS Mitosis (and cytokinesis -- division of
the cell).
What are the subphases of mitosis? - ANS Prophase, Pre-metaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase,
and Telophase.
How many checkpoints are there in the cell cycle? - ANS 3 -- G1 checkpoint, G2 checkpoint,
and the M checkpoint.
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,What is a Karyotype? - ANS A layout of Metaphase chromosomes matched with their
homologous pairs.
What is a diploid cell? - ANS A cell with 46 chromosomes -- somatic cells.
What is a haploid cell? - ANS A cell with 23 chromosomes -- sex cells.
What does the mesoderm give rise to? - ANS the notochord (similar to a spinal chord).
What does the endoderm give rise to? - ANS the digestive tract.
What does the ectoderm give rise to? - ANS the nervous system (brain)/neural plate.
If 2n = 18, how many chromosomes come from the mother? - ANS 9 -- half from mom and
half from dad
Meiosis - ANS Meiosis is a specialized type of cell division that reduces the chromosome
number by half, creating four haploid cells, each genetically distinct from the parent cell that
gave rise to them.
What two structures does the chiasma connect? - ANS Non-sister chromatids.
What are the steps of meiosis? - ANS Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I &
cytokinesis (then a second set of phases)
What does meiosis 1 deal with? - ANS homologous chromosomes.
What happens in prophase 1? - ANS The chromosomes condense, the nuclear envelope
breaks down, chromosomes cross over, and meiotic spindle forms.
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, What happens in metaphase 1? - ANS the pairs of homologous chromosomes are now tightly
condensed and coiled and become arranged on the metaphase plate.
What happens in anaphase 1? - ANS the pairs of chromosomes are pulled apart by the
spindle fibers (microtubules).
What happens in Telophase 1 and cytokinesis? - ANS The homologous chromosome pairs
complete their migration to the two poles as a result of the action of the spindle. Now a haploid
set of chromosomes is at each pole, with each chromosome still having two chromatids. A
nuclear envelope reforms around each chromosome set, the spindle disappears, and
cytokinesis follows.
What happens during meiosis 2? - ANS sister chromatids separate.
What happens in prophase 2 of meiosis? - ANS A new spindle forms around the
chromosomes.
What happens in metaphase 2 of meiosis? - ANS Metaphase 2 chromosomes line up at the
equator.
What happens in anaphase 2 of meiosis? - ANS Centromeres divide chromatids move to
opposite poles of the cells.
What happens during telophase 2 of meiosis? - ANS A nuclear envelope forms around each
set of chromosomes and the cytoplasm divides.
What makes meiosis a unique form of cell division - ANS Synapsis and crossing over -- occurs
in prophase 1, pairing up of homologous chromosomes, homologous chromosomes cross over
and exchange corresponding genetic information (the DNA exchanged contain the same genes,
but may have different alleles).
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
AND DETAILED ANSWERS. EXPERT
VERIFIED FOR GUARANTEED PASS.
What are the four most common elements in living matter? - ANS Hydrogen, Oxygen,
Nitrogen, and Carbon --make up 96% of all living matter.
Properties of Acids - ANS Donate H+ to a solution, accept electrons, and have a pH of <7
What happens in the S phase of the cell cycle? - ANS DNA Synthesis
What happens in the G1 phase of the cell cycle? - ANS Growth -- cell contents are duplicated.
What happens in the G2 phase of the cell cycle? - ANS More growth and preparation for
division.
What happens in the M phase of the cell cycle? - ANS Mitosis (and cytokinesis -- division of
the cell).
What are the subphases of mitosis? - ANS Prophase, Pre-metaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase,
and Telophase.
How many checkpoints are there in the cell cycle? - ANS 3 -- G1 checkpoint, G2 checkpoint,
and the M checkpoint.
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
,What is a Karyotype? - ANS A layout of Metaphase chromosomes matched with their
homologous pairs.
What is a diploid cell? - ANS A cell with 46 chromosomes -- somatic cells.
What is a haploid cell? - ANS A cell with 23 chromosomes -- sex cells.
What does the mesoderm give rise to? - ANS the notochord (similar to a spinal chord).
What does the endoderm give rise to? - ANS the digestive tract.
What does the ectoderm give rise to? - ANS the nervous system (brain)/neural plate.
If 2n = 18, how many chromosomes come from the mother? - ANS 9 -- half from mom and
half from dad
Meiosis - ANS Meiosis is a specialized type of cell division that reduces the chromosome
number by half, creating four haploid cells, each genetically distinct from the parent cell that
gave rise to them.
What two structures does the chiasma connect? - ANS Non-sister chromatids.
What are the steps of meiosis? - ANS Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I &
cytokinesis (then a second set of phases)
What does meiosis 1 deal with? - ANS homologous chromosomes.
What happens in prophase 1? - ANS The chromosomes condense, the nuclear envelope
breaks down, chromosomes cross over, and meiotic spindle forms.
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
, What happens in metaphase 1? - ANS the pairs of homologous chromosomes are now tightly
condensed and coiled and become arranged on the metaphase plate.
What happens in anaphase 1? - ANS the pairs of chromosomes are pulled apart by the
spindle fibers (microtubules).
What happens in Telophase 1 and cytokinesis? - ANS The homologous chromosome pairs
complete their migration to the two poles as a result of the action of the spindle. Now a haploid
set of chromosomes is at each pole, with each chromosome still having two chromatids. A
nuclear envelope reforms around each chromosome set, the spindle disappears, and
cytokinesis follows.
What happens during meiosis 2? - ANS sister chromatids separate.
What happens in prophase 2 of meiosis? - ANS A new spindle forms around the
chromosomes.
What happens in metaphase 2 of meiosis? - ANS Metaphase 2 chromosomes line up at the
equator.
What happens in anaphase 2 of meiosis? - ANS Centromeres divide chromatids move to
opposite poles of the cells.
What happens during telophase 2 of meiosis? - ANS A nuclear envelope forms around each
set of chromosomes and the cytoplasm divides.
What makes meiosis a unique form of cell division - ANS Synapsis and crossing over -- occurs
in prophase 1, pairing up of homologous chromosomes, homologous chromosomes cross over
and exchange corresponding genetic information (the DNA exchanged contain the same genes,
but may have different alleles).
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
