GNRS515 - Advanced Pathophysiology - Exam 2 with correct |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
detailed answers |||\\\
A 20-year-old male received a knife wound to the arm during an altercation. Which of the
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
following types of immunity was compromised? |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
A. Innate immunity
|||\\\ |||\\\
B. Inflammatory response
|||\\\ |||\\\
C. Adaptive immunity
|||\\\ |||\\\
D. Specific immunity - correct answer✔✔A. Innate immunity
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
A child fell off the swing and scraped the right knee. The injured area becomes painful. What
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
else will the nurse observe upon assessment?
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
A. Vasoconstriction at injured site
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
B. Decreased RBC concentration at injured site
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
C. Pale skin at injured site
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
D. Edema at injured site - correct answer✔✔D. Edema at injured site
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
The microorganisms that make up the normal human flora are important for:
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
A. Regulating inflammation
|||\\\ |||\\\
B. Secreting bacteriostatic substances
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
C. Activating white blood cells
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
D. Preventing the colonization and multiplication of pathogens - correct answer✔✔D.
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Preventing the colonization and multiplication of pathogens |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
A nurse recalls the mast cell, a major activator of inflammation, initiates the inflammatory
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
response through the process of: |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
A. Chemotaxis
|||\\\
,B. Endocytosis
|||\\\
C. Degranulation
|||\\\
D. Opsonization - correct answer✔✔D. Degranulation
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
The directional migration of leukocytes along a chemical gradient is termed:
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
A. Chemotaxis
|||\\\
B. Endocytosis
|||\\\
C. Margination
|||\\\
D. Diapedesis - correct answer✔✔A. Chemotaxis
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
A 20-year-old male shoots his hand with a nail gun while replacing roofing shingles. Which of
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
the following cell types would be the first to aid in killing bacteria to prevent infection in his
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
hand?
A. Eosinophils
|||\\\
B. Neutrophils
|||\\\
C. Leukotrienes
|||\\\
D. Monocytes - correct answer✔✔B. Neutrophils
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
A 25-year-old female experiences a headache and takes aspirin for relief. A nurse recalls aspirin
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
relieves the headache by: |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
A. Decreasing leukotriene production
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
B. Increasing histamine release
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
C. Decreasing prostaglandin production
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
D. Increasing platelet-activating factor - correct answer✔✔C. Decreasing prostaglandin
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
production
A 25-year-old male is in a car accident and sustains a fracture to his left femur with extensive
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
soft tissue injury. The pain associated with the injury is related to:
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
,A. Histamine and serotonin
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
B. Kinins and prostaglandins
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
C. Vasoconstriction
|||\\\
D. Immune complex formation - correct answer✔✔B. Kinins and prostaglandins
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
A 5-year-old male is diagnosed with a bacterial infection. Cultures of the bacteria revealed
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
lipopolysaccharides on the bacterial cell surface. Which of the complement pathways would be |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
activated in this case?
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
A. Classical pathway
|||\\\ |||\\\
B. Lectin pathway |||\\\ |||\\\
C. Alternative pathway
|||\\\ |||\\\
D. Kinin pathway - correct answer✔✔C. Alternative pathway
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
A nurse is preparing to teach on the subject of opsonins. Which information should the nurse
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
include? Opsonins are molecules that: |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
A. Are composed of fatty acids
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
B. Regulate inflammation
|||\\\ |||\\\
C. Degranulate mast cells
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
D. Enhance phagocytosis - correct answer✔✔D. Enhance phagocytosis
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
A 10-year-old male is diagnosed with a parasite. Which lab result should the nurse check for a
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
response to the parasite? |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
A. Monocytes |||\\\
B. Eosinophils |||\\\
C. Neutrophils |||\\\
D. Macrophages - correct answer✔✔B. Eosinophils
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
, During inflammation, the liver is stimulated to release plasma proteins, collectively known as:
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
A. Opsonins|||\\\
B. Acute phase reactants
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
C. Antibodies
|||\\\
D. Phagolysosome - correct answer✔✔B. Acute phase reactants
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
A 6-year-old female is diagnosed with a bacterial infection of the respiratory system. Which of
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
the following will most likely try to fight the antigen?
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
A. Antibodies
|||\\\
B. Cytotoxic T cells
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
C. Self-antigens
|||\\\
D. Helper T cells - correct answer✔✔A. Antibodies
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
A 20-year-old female is applying for nursing school and is required to be tested for immunity
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
against several illnesses. Testing that looks at which of the following would be the best to
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
determine immunity? |||\\\
A. Culture and sensitivity
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
B. Agglutination
|||\\\
C. Precipitation
|||\\\
D. Titer - correct answer✔✔D. Titer
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
When the immunoglobulin crosses the placenta, what type of immunity does the fetus
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
receive?
A. Active |||\\\
B. Passive|||\\\
C. Innate |||\\\
D. Cell-mediated - correct answer✔✔B. Passive
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
detailed answers |||\\\
A 20-year-old male received a knife wound to the arm during an altercation. Which of the
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
following types of immunity was compromised? |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
A. Innate immunity
|||\\\ |||\\\
B. Inflammatory response
|||\\\ |||\\\
C. Adaptive immunity
|||\\\ |||\\\
D. Specific immunity - correct answer✔✔A. Innate immunity
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
A child fell off the swing and scraped the right knee. The injured area becomes painful. What
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
else will the nurse observe upon assessment?
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
A. Vasoconstriction at injured site
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
B. Decreased RBC concentration at injured site
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
C. Pale skin at injured site
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
D. Edema at injured site - correct answer✔✔D. Edema at injured site
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
The microorganisms that make up the normal human flora are important for:
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
A. Regulating inflammation
|||\\\ |||\\\
B. Secreting bacteriostatic substances
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
C. Activating white blood cells
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
D. Preventing the colonization and multiplication of pathogens - correct answer✔✔D.
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Preventing the colonization and multiplication of pathogens |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
A nurse recalls the mast cell, a major activator of inflammation, initiates the inflammatory
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
response through the process of: |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
A. Chemotaxis
|||\\\
,B. Endocytosis
|||\\\
C. Degranulation
|||\\\
D. Opsonization - correct answer✔✔D. Degranulation
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
The directional migration of leukocytes along a chemical gradient is termed:
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
A. Chemotaxis
|||\\\
B. Endocytosis
|||\\\
C. Margination
|||\\\
D. Diapedesis - correct answer✔✔A. Chemotaxis
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
A 20-year-old male shoots his hand with a nail gun while replacing roofing shingles. Which of
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
the following cell types would be the first to aid in killing bacteria to prevent infection in his
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
hand?
A. Eosinophils
|||\\\
B. Neutrophils
|||\\\
C. Leukotrienes
|||\\\
D. Monocytes - correct answer✔✔B. Neutrophils
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
A 25-year-old female experiences a headache and takes aspirin for relief. A nurse recalls aspirin
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
relieves the headache by: |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
A. Decreasing leukotriene production
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
B. Increasing histamine release
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
C. Decreasing prostaglandin production
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
D. Increasing platelet-activating factor - correct answer✔✔C. Decreasing prostaglandin
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
production
A 25-year-old male is in a car accident and sustains a fracture to his left femur with extensive
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
soft tissue injury. The pain associated with the injury is related to:
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
,A. Histamine and serotonin
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
B. Kinins and prostaglandins
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
C. Vasoconstriction
|||\\\
D. Immune complex formation - correct answer✔✔B. Kinins and prostaglandins
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
A 5-year-old male is diagnosed with a bacterial infection. Cultures of the bacteria revealed
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
lipopolysaccharides on the bacterial cell surface. Which of the complement pathways would be |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
activated in this case?
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
A. Classical pathway
|||\\\ |||\\\
B. Lectin pathway |||\\\ |||\\\
C. Alternative pathway
|||\\\ |||\\\
D. Kinin pathway - correct answer✔✔C. Alternative pathway
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
A nurse is preparing to teach on the subject of opsonins. Which information should the nurse
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
include? Opsonins are molecules that: |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
A. Are composed of fatty acids
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
B. Regulate inflammation
|||\\\ |||\\\
C. Degranulate mast cells
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
D. Enhance phagocytosis - correct answer✔✔D. Enhance phagocytosis
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
A 10-year-old male is diagnosed with a parasite. Which lab result should the nurse check for a
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
response to the parasite? |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
A. Monocytes |||\\\
B. Eosinophils |||\\\
C. Neutrophils |||\\\
D. Macrophages - correct answer✔✔B. Eosinophils
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
, During inflammation, the liver is stimulated to release plasma proteins, collectively known as:
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
A. Opsonins|||\\\
B. Acute phase reactants
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
C. Antibodies
|||\\\
D. Phagolysosome - correct answer✔✔B. Acute phase reactants
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
A 6-year-old female is diagnosed with a bacterial infection of the respiratory system. Which of
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
the following will most likely try to fight the antigen?
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
A. Antibodies
|||\\\
B. Cytotoxic T cells
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
C. Self-antigens
|||\\\
D. Helper T cells - correct answer✔✔A. Antibodies
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
A 20-year-old female is applying for nursing school and is required to be tested for immunity
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
against several illnesses. Testing that looks at which of the following would be the best to
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
determine immunity? |||\\\
A. Culture and sensitivity
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
B. Agglutination
|||\\\
C. Precipitation
|||\\\
D. Titer - correct answer✔✔D. Titer
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
When the immunoglobulin crosses the placenta, what type of immunity does the fetus
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
receive?
A. Active |||\\\
B. Passive|||\\\
C. Innate |||\\\
D. Cell-mediated - correct answer✔✔B. Passive
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
