JR 101 PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2025/2026 ALL RATED A+
if a patient is laying face up on an operating table: - ✔✔supine
if you are standing, and take your index finger and slide it down your thigh until it
contacts the patella, the portion of the patella that you first contact is the: - ✔✔base
the main blood supply to the lower leg is the: - ✔✔popliteal
the lateral collateral ligament is responsible for: - ✔✔restraint to varus
anatomical position denotes the patient standing with: - ✔✔arms extended at the
sides/palms facing forward/ toes slightly downward
the fibrous connective tissue that connects bones to other bones is: - ✔✔ligaments
the soft type of bone exists in the epiphysis regions of long bones - ✔✔cancellous bone
t/f: the point of origin of a muscle is a location where the muscle can move - ✔✔false
if a surgeon commented that a particular femoral condyle was "hypertrophic" the
condyle has: - ✔✔increased in size
the anterior cruciate ligament is responsible for: - ✔✔restraint to anterior tibial
translation with respect to femur
the posterior cruciate ligament is responsible for - ✔✔restraint to posterior tibial
translation with respect to femur
t/F: the two points of attachment for the medial collateral ligament are the distal medial
femoral condyle and the proximal fibular head - ✔✔false
with respect to the degrees of freedom of motion in the knee: how many are there? -
✔✔6
the arcs of flexion in the knee are: - ✔✔deep flexion, functional, screw home
the mechanical axis of the lower extremity is determined by drawing a straight line from:
- ✔✔the center of the femoral head to the center of the ankle joint
when we refer to the "functional axes" of the knee, we reference the combination of
rotations around what two axes? - ✔✔the TEA of the femur combined with the
longitudinal axis of the tibia
, the flexion-extension axis closely corresponds to the insertion points of what two
ligamentous soft tissue structures in the knee joint? - ✔✔MCL and LCL
the "anatomical" or "clinical" TEA of the knee is an imaginary line that connects: -
✔✔the most prominent parts of the medial and lateral epicondyles
the "surgical" TEA is an imaginary line that connects: - ✔✔the medial epicondylar sulcus
with the prominence of the lateral epicondyle
which distal femoral condyle in the knee joint has a sulcus - ✔✔medial
Whiteside's Line is: - ✔✔perpendicular to the surgical TEA
Whitesides line is also known as - ✔✔The trochlear A/P axis
Where is Whitesides line drawn from? - ✔✔a line drawn from the deepest part of the
trochlear groove posteriorly to the center of the intercondylar notch
t/f: the normal human knee (not operated on) has a medial pivot - ✔✔true
during the screw home arc of motion in the knee, the tibia will internally rotate with
reference to the femur as the knee extends - ✔✔false
t/f: since the knee joint requires little assistance from the muscles as it moves through
the screw home arc of motion, the resultant motion is described as "active motion" -
✔✔false
as the knee joint moves throughout the functional arc, the motion is controlled by
ligaments as well as muscles. this motion is categorized as being - ✔✔active
t/f: as the knee flexes throughout the functional arc of motion as we walk, and the tibia is
lifted off the ground, the femur externally rotates with reference to the tibia - ✔✔true
if one views the posterior condyles of the knee in the sagittal plane through the
functional flexion axis (TEA) the condylar appear (blank) from 10 degrees to 120
degrees - ✔✔circular
is the deep flexion arc of motion active or passive - ✔✔passive
the most important biomechanical function of the patella is to improve - ✔✔quadricep
efficiency
t/f: the patella decreases the lever arm of the extensor mechanism - ✔✔false
2025/2026 ALL RATED A+
if a patient is laying face up on an operating table: - ✔✔supine
if you are standing, and take your index finger and slide it down your thigh until it
contacts the patella, the portion of the patella that you first contact is the: - ✔✔base
the main blood supply to the lower leg is the: - ✔✔popliteal
the lateral collateral ligament is responsible for: - ✔✔restraint to varus
anatomical position denotes the patient standing with: - ✔✔arms extended at the
sides/palms facing forward/ toes slightly downward
the fibrous connective tissue that connects bones to other bones is: - ✔✔ligaments
the soft type of bone exists in the epiphysis regions of long bones - ✔✔cancellous bone
t/f: the point of origin of a muscle is a location where the muscle can move - ✔✔false
if a surgeon commented that a particular femoral condyle was "hypertrophic" the
condyle has: - ✔✔increased in size
the anterior cruciate ligament is responsible for: - ✔✔restraint to anterior tibial
translation with respect to femur
the posterior cruciate ligament is responsible for - ✔✔restraint to posterior tibial
translation with respect to femur
t/F: the two points of attachment for the medial collateral ligament are the distal medial
femoral condyle and the proximal fibular head - ✔✔false
with respect to the degrees of freedom of motion in the knee: how many are there? -
✔✔6
the arcs of flexion in the knee are: - ✔✔deep flexion, functional, screw home
the mechanical axis of the lower extremity is determined by drawing a straight line from:
- ✔✔the center of the femoral head to the center of the ankle joint
when we refer to the "functional axes" of the knee, we reference the combination of
rotations around what two axes? - ✔✔the TEA of the femur combined with the
longitudinal axis of the tibia
, the flexion-extension axis closely corresponds to the insertion points of what two
ligamentous soft tissue structures in the knee joint? - ✔✔MCL and LCL
the "anatomical" or "clinical" TEA of the knee is an imaginary line that connects: -
✔✔the most prominent parts of the medial and lateral epicondyles
the "surgical" TEA is an imaginary line that connects: - ✔✔the medial epicondylar sulcus
with the prominence of the lateral epicondyle
which distal femoral condyle in the knee joint has a sulcus - ✔✔medial
Whiteside's Line is: - ✔✔perpendicular to the surgical TEA
Whitesides line is also known as - ✔✔The trochlear A/P axis
Where is Whitesides line drawn from? - ✔✔a line drawn from the deepest part of the
trochlear groove posteriorly to the center of the intercondylar notch
t/f: the normal human knee (not operated on) has a medial pivot - ✔✔true
during the screw home arc of motion in the knee, the tibia will internally rotate with
reference to the femur as the knee extends - ✔✔false
t/f: since the knee joint requires little assistance from the muscles as it moves through
the screw home arc of motion, the resultant motion is described as "active motion" -
✔✔false
as the knee joint moves throughout the functional arc, the motion is controlled by
ligaments as well as muscles. this motion is categorized as being - ✔✔active
t/f: as the knee flexes throughout the functional arc of motion as we walk, and the tibia is
lifted off the ground, the femur externally rotates with reference to the tibia - ✔✔true
if one views the posterior condyles of the knee in the sagittal plane through the
functional flexion axis (TEA) the condylar appear (blank) from 10 degrees to 120
degrees - ✔✔circular
is the deep flexion arc of motion active or passive - ✔✔passive
the most important biomechanical function of the patella is to improve - ✔✔quadricep
efficiency
t/f: the patella decreases the lever arm of the extensor mechanism - ✔✔false
