WGU - C190
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hsxsqs
1. Coevolution Event: The process by which two or more species evolve in tandem by exerting selection
pressures on each other
2. Speciation Event: A lineage-splitting event that produces two or more separate species.
3. Phylogenetic Event: The evolutionary development and history of a species or higher taxonomic grouping
of organisms. Also called phylogenesis. The evolutionary development of an organ or other part of an organism
4. Homology Event: Shared trait among species
5. Mutation: A Mutation occurs when a DNA gene is damaged or changed in such a way as to alter the genetic
message carried by that gene.
6. Gene Flow: is the transfer of alleles or genes from one population to another. Migration into or out of a
population may be responsible for a marked change in allele frequencies (the proportion of members carrying a
particular variant of a gene).
7. Genetic Drift: is the change in the frequency of an existing gene variant (allele) in a population due to RANDOM
sampling of organisms. Ex. Earthquake or disaster
8. Artificial Selection: The breeding of plants and animals to produce desirable traits
9. Krebs Cycle/Citric Acid Cycle: release stored energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from
carbohydrates, fats, and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy
10. Calvin Cycle: is the set of chemical reactions that take place in chloroplasts during photosynthesis.
11. Electron Transport Chain: A group of compounds that pass electron from one to another via redox
reactions coupled with the transfer of proton across a membrane to create a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis.
(Produces most ATP)
1/7
, WGU - C190
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hsxsqs
12. Glycolysis: The process in cell metabolism by which carbohydrates and sugars, especially glucose, are broken
down, producing ATP and pyruvic acid.
13. Fermentation: Fermentation is an anaerobic process in which energy can be released from glucose even
though oxygen is not available.
14. Oxidation: Specifically, it means the substance that gives away electrons is oxidized
15. Nucleus: DNA Storage
16. Mitochondrion: Energy production
17. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER): Lipid production; Detoxification
18. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER): Protein production; in particular for export out of the cell
19. Ribosomes: The molecular machines that use the instructions contained in the DNA to build all the proteins
needed by the cell.
20. Peroxisome: Lipid Destruction; contains oxidative enzymes
21. Lysosome: Protein destruction
22. Ionic Bond: is the complete transfer of valence electron(s) between atoms. (Strongest)
23. Covalent Bond: also called a molecular bond, is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs
between atoms. (Middle Strength)
24. Hydrogen Bond: is the electrostatic attraction between two polar groups that occurs when a hydrogen (H)
atom covalently bound to a highly electronegative atom such as nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), or fluorine (F) experiences
the electrostatic field of another highly electronegative atom nearby.
25. Carbohydrate: Any of the group of organic compounds consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, usually
in the ratio of 1:2:1, hence the general formula: Cn (H2O) n. Examples include sugar, starch, cellulose and gums.
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Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hsxsqs
1. Coevolution Event: The process by which two or more species evolve in tandem by exerting selection
pressures on each other
2. Speciation Event: A lineage-splitting event that produces two or more separate species.
3. Phylogenetic Event: The evolutionary development and history of a species or higher taxonomic grouping
of organisms. Also called phylogenesis. The evolutionary development of an organ or other part of an organism
4. Homology Event: Shared trait among species
5. Mutation: A Mutation occurs when a DNA gene is damaged or changed in such a way as to alter the genetic
message carried by that gene.
6. Gene Flow: is the transfer of alleles or genes from one population to another. Migration into or out of a
population may be responsible for a marked change in allele frequencies (the proportion of members carrying a
particular variant of a gene).
7. Genetic Drift: is the change in the frequency of an existing gene variant (allele) in a population due to RANDOM
sampling of organisms. Ex. Earthquake or disaster
8. Artificial Selection: The breeding of plants and animals to produce desirable traits
9. Krebs Cycle/Citric Acid Cycle: release stored energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from
carbohydrates, fats, and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy
10. Calvin Cycle: is the set of chemical reactions that take place in chloroplasts during photosynthesis.
11. Electron Transport Chain: A group of compounds that pass electron from one to another via redox
reactions coupled with the transfer of proton across a membrane to create a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis.
(Produces most ATP)
1/7
, WGU - C190
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hsxsqs
12. Glycolysis: The process in cell metabolism by which carbohydrates and sugars, especially glucose, are broken
down, producing ATP and pyruvic acid.
13. Fermentation: Fermentation is an anaerobic process in which energy can be released from glucose even
though oxygen is not available.
14. Oxidation: Specifically, it means the substance that gives away electrons is oxidized
15. Nucleus: DNA Storage
16. Mitochondrion: Energy production
17. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER): Lipid production; Detoxification
18. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER): Protein production; in particular for export out of the cell
19. Ribosomes: The molecular machines that use the instructions contained in the DNA to build all the proteins
needed by the cell.
20. Peroxisome: Lipid Destruction; contains oxidative enzymes
21. Lysosome: Protein destruction
22. Ionic Bond: is the complete transfer of valence electron(s) between atoms. (Strongest)
23. Covalent Bond: also called a molecular bond, is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs
between atoms. (Middle Strength)
24. Hydrogen Bond: is the electrostatic attraction between two polar groups that occurs when a hydrogen (H)
atom covalently bound to a highly electronegative atom such as nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), or fluorine (F) experiences
the electrostatic field of another highly electronegative atom nearby.
25. Carbohydrate: Any of the group of organic compounds consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, usually
in the ratio of 1:2:1, hence the general formula: Cn (H2O) n. Examples include sugar, starch, cellulose and gums.
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