HESI Pediatric Practice Exam with
Answers
Trust vs. Mistrust (Erikson) - ✔✔Birth -18 months: Babies trust others will care for their basic
needs or they develop mistrust about the care or others.
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (Erikson) - ✔✔18 months - 3 years. Using new mental and
motor skills, children want to choose and decide for themselves. Autonomy is fostered when
parents permit reasonable free choice and do not force or shame the child. Aligns with Freud's
anal stage
Initiative vs guilt (Erikson) - ✔✔3-5 yrs, good: sense of purpose, ability to initiate activities,
ability to enjoy accomplishment, bad: fear of punishment, restrict himself, show off
Industry vs inferiority (Erikson) - ✔✔6-11 years - Children busily learn to be competent and
productive or feel inferior and unable to do anything well.
Identity vs. Role Confusion (Erikson) - ✔✔12- 18 years old: exploration of independence and
development of self
Sensorimotor period of cognitive development (piaget) - ✔✔Birth- 2 years old: infants and
toddlers interact with their surroundings with their senses- they are learning through trial and
error
Preoperational stage of development (piaget) - ✔✔2-7 years old: development of language,
speak in words and use symbols. They learn to understand letters, numbers and spatial
concepts (i.e. "in" vs "on"). They understand the difference between the past, present and
future
, Concrete operational stage of development (piaget) - ✔✔7-11 years old: understand cause and
effect, develops logic and reasoning skills, dependent of concrete facts and physical objects to
draw conclusions, can somewhat think abstractly. Q
Formal operations stage of development (piaget) - ✔✔11-18 years old: development of
abstract/hypothetical reasoning, when making decisions they are likely to consider morals and
ethics. Q
punishment and obedience orientation (kohlberg) - ✔✔Infancy (birth-12 months): no
difference between right and wrong
Self-Interest (Kohlberg Stage 2) - ✔✔Preschool age (3-6 years old): interested in a reward
system, not focused on punishment- only reward/ benefit for self
Conformity and Interpersonal Accord (kohlberg) - ✔✔(School-age) 6-12 years old: The "good
boy/girl" level. Effort is made to secure approval and maintain friendly relations with others
Authority and social order (kohlberg) - ✔✔(School-age): Orientation toward fixed rules. The
purpose of morality is maintaining the social order. Interpersonal accord is expanded to include
the entire society
Social contract (kohlberg) - ✔✔Mutual benefit; morally right and legally right are not always the
same
At what age does birth weight double? - ✔✔6 months
At what age does birth weight triple? - ✔✔12 months
At what age does the posterior fontanel close? - ✔✔8 weeks
Answers
Trust vs. Mistrust (Erikson) - ✔✔Birth -18 months: Babies trust others will care for their basic
needs or they develop mistrust about the care or others.
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (Erikson) - ✔✔18 months - 3 years. Using new mental and
motor skills, children want to choose and decide for themselves. Autonomy is fostered when
parents permit reasonable free choice and do not force or shame the child. Aligns with Freud's
anal stage
Initiative vs guilt (Erikson) - ✔✔3-5 yrs, good: sense of purpose, ability to initiate activities,
ability to enjoy accomplishment, bad: fear of punishment, restrict himself, show off
Industry vs inferiority (Erikson) - ✔✔6-11 years - Children busily learn to be competent and
productive or feel inferior and unable to do anything well.
Identity vs. Role Confusion (Erikson) - ✔✔12- 18 years old: exploration of independence and
development of self
Sensorimotor period of cognitive development (piaget) - ✔✔Birth- 2 years old: infants and
toddlers interact with their surroundings with their senses- they are learning through trial and
error
Preoperational stage of development (piaget) - ✔✔2-7 years old: development of language,
speak in words and use symbols. They learn to understand letters, numbers and spatial
concepts (i.e. "in" vs "on"). They understand the difference between the past, present and
future
, Concrete operational stage of development (piaget) - ✔✔7-11 years old: understand cause and
effect, develops logic and reasoning skills, dependent of concrete facts and physical objects to
draw conclusions, can somewhat think abstractly. Q
Formal operations stage of development (piaget) - ✔✔11-18 years old: development of
abstract/hypothetical reasoning, when making decisions they are likely to consider morals and
ethics. Q
punishment and obedience orientation (kohlberg) - ✔✔Infancy (birth-12 months): no
difference between right and wrong
Self-Interest (Kohlberg Stage 2) - ✔✔Preschool age (3-6 years old): interested in a reward
system, not focused on punishment- only reward/ benefit for self
Conformity and Interpersonal Accord (kohlberg) - ✔✔(School-age) 6-12 years old: The "good
boy/girl" level. Effort is made to secure approval and maintain friendly relations with others
Authority and social order (kohlberg) - ✔✔(School-age): Orientation toward fixed rules. The
purpose of morality is maintaining the social order. Interpersonal accord is expanded to include
the entire society
Social contract (kohlberg) - ✔✔Mutual benefit; morally right and legally right are not always the
same
At what age does birth weight double? - ✔✔6 months
At what age does birth weight triple? - ✔✔12 months
At what age does the posterior fontanel close? - ✔✔8 weeks
