Test Bank
Earth System History
By Steven M. Stanley
4th Edition
Page 1
,Table Of Contents
Part I Materials, Processes, And Principles.-
Chapter 1 Earth As A System.-
Chapter 2 Rock-Forming Minerals And Rocks.
- Chapter 3 The Diversity Of Life.-
Chapter 4 Environments And Life.-
Chapter 5 Sedimentary Environments.-
Chapter 6 Correlation And Dating Of The Rock Record.-
Chapter 7 Evolution And The Fossil Record.-
Chapter 8 The Theory Of Plate Tectonics.-
Chapter 9 Continental Tectonics And Mountain Chains.-
Chapter 10 Major Geochemical Cycles
Part Ii The Story Of Earth.-
Chapter 11 The Hadean And Archean Eons Of Precambrian Time.-
Chapter 12 The Proterozoic Eon Of Precambrian Time.-
Chapter 13 The Early Paleozoic World.-
Chapter 14 The Middle Paleozoic World
Chapter 15 The Late Paleozoic World.-
Chapter 16 The Early Mesozoic Era.-
Chapter 17 The Cretaceous World.-
Chapter 18 The Paleogene World.-
Chapter 19 The Late Cenozoic World Before The Holocene.-
Chapter 20 The Retreat Of Glaciers And The Holocene.
Page 2
,Earth System History, 4th Edition, By Steven M. Stanley And John A. Luczaj Test
Bank, Chapter 01
1. Actualism is the
A) Idea that the geological record provides a unique perspective on human activities.
B) Study of how large meteors have struck the earth over time and thus caused mass
extinctions of life.
C) Notion that fundamental physical principles operating today have done so
throughout earth's history.
D) Study of ripples in sand made by water and air movements, and how those features are
always different from the ones made by water and air long ago.
ANS: c
2. The concept or philosophy of uniformitarianism is commonly summarized by saying
A) Catastrophic forces dominate earth's geological history.
B) Conditions existing today cannot form rocks as in the past.
C) Rocks cannot be made in the laboratory.
D) The present is the key to the past.
ANS: d
3. We can use the principle of actualism if
A) The rocks in question formed under conditions that no longer exist.
B) We can simulate or replicate the conditions under which a rock formed.
C) We know that the conditions responsible for the formation of these rocks still exist, but at
such great depths beneath earth's surface that we cannot observe them.
D) The conditions exist today, but produce the rocks over a long interval of geologic time.
ANS: b
4. Catastrophism is a
A) Principle very similar to actualism and uniformitarianism.
B) Theory advanced first by a scottish gentleman farmer named james hutton and
expounded upon by the english naturalist and author charles lyell.
C) Nineteenth-century concept that floods caused by supernatural forces formed most of the
rocks that we see today on earth's surface today.
D) Twentieth-century philosophy about the formation of volcanic rocks. ANS:
c
Page 3
, 5. Central to hutton's view of earth's history was
A) Vast geologic time.
B) Catastrophism.
C) Volcanism.
D) Supernatural floods.
ANS: a
6. Charles lyell was not
A) The author of principles of geology, a popular 1830s geology text.
B) An advocate of ideas similar to james hutton's regarding earth's history.
C) An advocate of gradual forces in earth's history.
D) A german professor of mineralogy who promoted catastrophism. ANS:
d
7. A mineral is
A) Either extrusive or intrusive.
B) Interlocking or bonded grains of matter.
C) A naturally occurring inorganic solid element or compound.
D) Formed mainly of sand grains that are cemented together.
ANS: c
8. form by the cooling of molten material to the temperature at which the
molten material hardens or freezes.
A) Magmas
B) Igneous rocks
C) Minerals
D) Sedimentary rocks
ANS: b
9. is the collective term for the chemical and physical processes that break down
rocks of any kind at earth's surface.
A) Weathering
B) Sediment
C) Erosion
D) Lithification
ANS: a
Page 4
Earth System History
By Steven M. Stanley
4th Edition
Page 1
,Table Of Contents
Part I Materials, Processes, And Principles.-
Chapter 1 Earth As A System.-
Chapter 2 Rock-Forming Minerals And Rocks.
- Chapter 3 The Diversity Of Life.-
Chapter 4 Environments And Life.-
Chapter 5 Sedimentary Environments.-
Chapter 6 Correlation And Dating Of The Rock Record.-
Chapter 7 Evolution And The Fossil Record.-
Chapter 8 The Theory Of Plate Tectonics.-
Chapter 9 Continental Tectonics And Mountain Chains.-
Chapter 10 Major Geochemical Cycles
Part Ii The Story Of Earth.-
Chapter 11 The Hadean And Archean Eons Of Precambrian Time.-
Chapter 12 The Proterozoic Eon Of Precambrian Time.-
Chapter 13 The Early Paleozoic World.-
Chapter 14 The Middle Paleozoic World
Chapter 15 The Late Paleozoic World.-
Chapter 16 The Early Mesozoic Era.-
Chapter 17 The Cretaceous World.-
Chapter 18 The Paleogene World.-
Chapter 19 The Late Cenozoic World Before The Holocene.-
Chapter 20 The Retreat Of Glaciers And The Holocene.
Page 2
,Earth System History, 4th Edition, By Steven M. Stanley And John A. Luczaj Test
Bank, Chapter 01
1. Actualism is the
A) Idea that the geological record provides a unique perspective on human activities.
B) Study of how large meteors have struck the earth over time and thus caused mass
extinctions of life.
C) Notion that fundamental physical principles operating today have done so
throughout earth's history.
D) Study of ripples in sand made by water and air movements, and how those features are
always different from the ones made by water and air long ago.
ANS: c
2. The concept or philosophy of uniformitarianism is commonly summarized by saying
A) Catastrophic forces dominate earth's geological history.
B) Conditions existing today cannot form rocks as in the past.
C) Rocks cannot be made in the laboratory.
D) The present is the key to the past.
ANS: d
3. We can use the principle of actualism if
A) The rocks in question formed under conditions that no longer exist.
B) We can simulate or replicate the conditions under which a rock formed.
C) We know that the conditions responsible for the formation of these rocks still exist, but at
such great depths beneath earth's surface that we cannot observe them.
D) The conditions exist today, but produce the rocks over a long interval of geologic time.
ANS: b
4. Catastrophism is a
A) Principle very similar to actualism and uniformitarianism.
B) Theory advanced first by a scottish gentleman farmer named james hutton and
expounded upon by the english naturalist and author charles lyell.
C) Nineteenth-century concept that floods caused by supernatural forces formed most of the
rocks that we see today on earth's surface today.
D) Twentieth-century philosophy about the formation of volcanic rocks. ANS:
c
Page 3
, 5. Central to hutton's view of earth's history was
A) Vast geologic time.
B) Catastrophism.
C) Volcanism.
D) Supernatural floods.
ANS: a
6. Charles lyell was not
A) The author of principles of geology, a popular 1830s geology text.
B) An advocate of ideas similar to james hutton's regarding earth's history.
C) An advocate of gradual forces in earth's history.
D) A german professor of mineralogy who promoted catastrophism. ANS:
d
7. A mineral is
A) Either extrusive or intrusive.
B) Interlocking or bonded grains of matter.
C) A naturally occurring inorganic solid element or compound.
D) Formed mainly of sand grains that are cemented together.
ANS: c
8. form by the cooling of molten material to the temperature at which the
molten material hardens or freezes.
A) Magmas
B) Igneous rocks
C) Minerals
D) Sedimentary rocks
ANS: b
9. is the collective term for the chemical and physical processes that break down
rocks of any kind at earth's surface.
A) Weathering
B) Sediment
C) Erosion
D) Lithification
ANS: a
Page 4
