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Nutrition ATI Questions with Detailed Verified Answers
Minerals Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ Inorganic elements are used at every cellular level for metabolic exchanges.
Divided into major and trace
Elelectrolytes Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ Electrically charged minerals that cause physiological reactions that
maintain homeostasis.
Major electrolytes include sodium, potassium, and chloride
Major minerals Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ Occur in larger amounts (more than 5 g) in the body, and 100 mg or
more is required through dietary sources daily.
Major minerals include calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, magnesium, chloride, and sulfur
Sodium (Na) Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ Major actions: maintains fluid volume, allows muscle contractions,
contributes to nerve impulses
Sources: table salt, added salts, processed foods
Deficiency: muscle cramping, memory loss, anorexia
Excess: fluid retention, hypertension, disorientation
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Nursing actions: monitor LOC, edema, and blood pressure
Potassium (K) Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ Major actions: maintains fluid volume inside cells, muscle action
Sources: oranges, dried fruits, tomatoes, avocados, dried peas, meats, broccoli, bananas, dairy
products, whole grains, potato
Deficiency: dysrhythmias, muscle cramps, confusion
Excess: dysrhythmia, muscle weakness, irritability, confusion, numbness in extremities
Nursing actions: monitor cardiac status and ECG, give oral preparations (tabs, elixirs) with meals to
minimize GI irritation
Chloride (Cl) Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ Major actions: assists with intracellular and extracellular fluid balance,
and aids acid-base balance and digestion
Sources: table salt, added salts, processed foods
Deficiency: rare; muscle cramps, anorexia
Excess: vomiting
Nursing actions: monitor sodium levels
Calcium (Ca) Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ Major actions: bones/teeth formation, blood pressure, blood clotting,
nerve transmission
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Sources: dairy, broccoli, kale, fortified grains
Deficiency: tetany, positive Chvostek's and Trousseau's signs, ECG changes, osteoporosis in adults,
poor growth in children
Excess: constipation, renal stones, lethargy, depressed deep-tendon reflexes
Nursing actions: monitor ECG and respiratory status, give PO tabs with vitamin D
Magnesium (Mg) Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ Major actions: bone formation, catalyst for many enzyme reactions,
nerve/muscle function, smooth muscle relaxation
Major sources: green leafy vegetables, nuts, whole grains, tuna, halibut, chocolate
Deficiency: weakness, dysrhythmias, convulsions, increased blood pressure, anorexia
Excess: diarrhea, nausea, muscle weakness, hypotension, bradycardia, lethargy
Nursing actions: follow seizure precautions, monitor LOC and vital signs
Phosphorus (P) Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ Major actions: energy transfer of RNA/DNA, acid-base balance, bone
and teeth formation
Sources: dairy, peas, meat, eggs, legumes
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Nutrition ATI Questions with Detailed Verified Answers
Minerals Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ Inorganic elements are used at every cellular level for metabolic exchanges.
Divided into major and trace
Elelectrolytes Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ Electrically charged minerals that cause physiological reactions that
maintain homeostasis.
Major electrolytes include sodium, potassium, and chloride
Major minerals Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ Occur in larger amounts (more than 5 g) in the body, and 100 mg or
more is required through dietary sources daily.
Major minerals include calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, magnesium, chloride, and sulfur
Sodium (Na) Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ Major actions: maintains fluid volume, allows muscle contractions,
contributes to nerve impulses
Sources: table salt, added salts, processed foods
Deficiency: muscle cramping, memory loss, anorexia
Excess: fluid retention, hypertension, disorientation
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Nursing actions: monitor LOC, edema, and blood pressure
Potassium (K) Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ Major actions: maintains fluid volume inside cells, muscle action
Sources: oranges, dried fruits, tomatoes, avocados, dried peas, meats, broccoli, bananas, dairy
products, whole grains, potato
Deficiency: dysrhythmias, muscle cramps, confusion
Excess: dysrhythmia, muscle weakness, irritability, confusion, numbness in extremities
Nursing actions: monitor cardiac status and ECG, give oral preparations (tabs, elixirs) with meals to
minimize GI irritation
Chloride (Cl) Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ Major actions: assists with intracellular and extracellular fluid balance,
and aids acid-base balance and digestion
Sources: table salt, added salts, processed foods
Deficiency: rare; muscle cramps, anorexia
Excess: vomiting
Nursing actions: monitor sodium levels
Calcium (Ca) Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ Major actions: bones/teeth formation, blood pressure, blood clotting,
nerve transmission
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Sources: dairy, broccoli, kale, fortified grains
Deficiency: tetany, positive Chvostek's and Trousseau's signs, ECG changes, osteoporosis in adults,
poor growth in children
Excess: constipation, renal stones, lethargy, depressed deep-tendon reflexes
Nursing actions: monitor ECG and respiratory status, give PO tabs with vitamin D
Magnesium (Mg) Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ Major actions: bone formation, catalyst for many enzyme reactions,
nerve/muscle function, smooth muscle relaxation
Major sources: green leafy vegetables, nuts, whole grains, tuna, halibut, chocolate
Deficiency: weakness, dysrhythmias, convulsions, increased blood pressure, anorexia
Excess: diarrhea, nausea, muscle weakness, hypotension, bradycardia, lethargy
Nursing actions: follow seizure precautions, monitor LOC and vital signs
Phosphorus (P) Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ Major actions: energy transfer of RNA/DNA, acid-base balance, bone
and teeth formation
Sources: dairy, peas, meat, eggs, legumes
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