BIO 204 Ch 4 Lecture: Protein Synthesis
1. DNA stands for: deoxyribonucleic acid
2. what is DNA: the genetic material
3. what does DNA do: stores information on its sequence of nucleotides that instructs a cell on how to
synthesize certain proteins
4. structure of DNA: sugar-phosphate backbone with alternating sugars and phosphates and nitrogenous
bases
5. gene: a segment of dna
6. genome: all of the genetic information in the cell
7. exome: small portion of the genome that codes for proteins
8. gene expression: control of which proteins are produced in each cell type, in what amount, and under which
circumstances
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, 9. what is DNA profiling used for: 1. identifying human remains at crime scenes or natural disasters
2. checking for family relationships, paternity
3. establishing innocence in criminal cases
10. how does RNA differ from DNA?: single stranded, has ribose, uracil instead of thymine, has different
types
11. list the types of RNA: messenger RNA, transfer RNA, ribosomal RNA
12. what is protein synthesis: the creation of proteins
13. triplet: a sequence of three nucleotide bases that specifies a particular amino acid
14. what are proteins composed of: polypeptide chains made up of amino acids
15. where does transcription occur: the nucleus
16. where does translation occur: cytoplasm
17. role of mRNA: carries the genetic information from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm
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1. DNA stands for: deoxyribonucleic acid
2. what is DNA: the genetic material
3. what does DNA do: stores information on its sequence of nucleotides that instructs a cell on how to
synthesize certain proteins
4. structure of DNA: sugar-phosphate backbone with alternating sugars and phosphates and nitrogenous
bases
5. gene: a segment of dna
6. genome: all of the genetic information in the cell
7. exome: small portion of the genome that codes for proteins
8. gene expression: control of which proteins are produced in each cell type, in what amount, and under which
circumstances
1/3
, 9. what is DNA profiling used for: 1. identifying human remains at crime scenes or natural disasters
2. checking for family relationships, paternity
3. establishing innocence in criminal cases
10. how does RNA differ from DNA?: single stranded, has ribose, uracil instead of thymine, has different
types
11. list the types of RNA: messenger RNA, transfer RNA, ribosomal RNA
12. what is protein synthesis: the creation of proteins
13. triplet: a sequence of three nucleotide bases that specifies a particular amino acid
14. what are proteins composed of: polypeptide chains made up of amino acids
15. where does transcription occur: the nucleus
16. where does translation occur: cytoplasm
17. role of mRNA: carries the genetic information from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm
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