BIO 204 Ch 3 Lecture: Cells
1. Cell: basic structural and functional unit of life
2. What varies in human cells?: size, shape, and function
3. 3 main components of a eukaryote: nucleus, cytoplasm, and plasma membrane
4. plasma membrane: selectively-permeable phospholipid bilayer that separates intracellular fluids from
extracellular fluids
5. glycocalyx: fuzzy, sticky carbohydrate-rich area surrounding the cell that provides highly specific biological
markers; identifies other cells
6. where are glycolipids found?: only in the outer membrane surface
7. what makes up 20% of the membrane lipid?: cholesterol
8. what does cholesterol do: stabilizes plasma membrane
9. structure of phospholipid bilayer: two layers lying tail to tail, exposing the heads to water inside and
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,outside the cell
10. two parts of the phospholipid: head and tail
11. hydrophilic: water loving
12. hydrophobic: water hating
13. the phospholipid head is...: hydrophilic
14. the phospholipid tail is...: hydrophobic
15. what makes up half of the plasma membrane: proteins
16. 2 types of membrane proteins: integral proteins and peripheral proteins
17. integral proteins: span entire width of membrane; interact with both heads and tails; function as enzymes
and are involved in movement
18. peripheral proteins: only on the edge of membrane; act as enzymes, help change cell shape, cell
communication, and connections
19. what does it mean when a channel is open: ions are allowed to move in and out of the cell
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, 20. what does it mean when a channel is closed: ions are no longer allowed to move in or out
21. what does it mean when a channel is diseased: the channel cannot open or close
22. tasks of membrane proteins: transport, receptors, enzymes, recognition, attachment, and join cells
23. function of receptor proteins: respond to extracellular signals
24. function of pores/channels/carriers: transport small molecules and ions; transduce signals
25. function of enzymes: catalyze chemical reactions
26. function of cell surface proteins: establish self
27. function of cellular adhesion molecules: enable cells to stick to each other
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1. Cell: basic structural and functional unit of life
2. What varies in human cells?: size, shape, and function
3. 3 main components of a eukaryote: nucleus, cytoplasm, and plasma membrane
4. plasma membrane: selectively-permeable phospholipid bilayer that separates intracellular fluids from
extracellular fluids
5. glycocalyx: fuzzy, sticky carbohydrate-rich area surrounding the cell that provides highly specific biological
markers; identifies other cells
6. where are glycolipids found?: only in the outer membrane surface
7. what makes up 20% of the membrane lipid?: cholesterol
8. what does cholesterol do: stabilizes plasma membrane
9. structure of phospholipid bilayer: two layers lying tail to tail, exposing the heads to water inside and
1/9
,outside the cell
10. two parts of the phospholipid: head and tail
11. hydrophilic: water loving
12. hydrophobic: water hating
13. the phospholipid head is...: hydrophilic
14. the phospholipid tail is...: hydrophobic
15. what makes up half of the plasma membrane: proteins
16. 2 types of membrane proteins: integral proteins and peripheral proteins
17. integral proteins: span entire width of membrane; interact with both heads and tails; function as enzymes
and are involved in movement
18. peripheral proteins: only on the edge of membrane; act as enzymes, help change cell shape, cell
communication, and connections
19. what does it mean when a channel is open: ions are allowed to move in and out of the cell
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, 20. what does it mean when a channel is closed: ions are no longer allowed to move in or out
21. what does it mean when a channel is diseased: the channel cannot open or close
22. tasks of membrane proteins: transport, receptors, enzymes, recognition, attachment, and join cells
23. function of receptor proteins: respond to extracellular signals
24. function of pores/channels/carriers: transport small molecules and ions; transduce signals
25. function of enzymes: catalyze chemical reactions
26. function of cell surface proteins: establish self
27. function of cellular adhesion molecules: enable cells to stick to each other
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