1
NURS 6111 Exam 1 Questions with Answers (100% Correct
Answers)
Na normal lab value —ANS: 135-145
K normal lab value —ANS: 3.5-5.0
Mg normal lab value —ANS: 1.3-2.1 mEq/L
Calcium normal lab value —ANS: 8.5-10.5 mg/dL
Abnormal signs and symptoms of K —ANS: excessive thirst, increased urination,
muscle cramps, fatigue/weakness, irregular heartbeat, constipation, abdominal
cramping
Abnormal signs and symptoms of Mg —ANS: muscle cramps, fatigue/weakness,
abnormal heart rhythm, numbness/tingling, mental symptoms, insomnia
Acid-base buffer systems minimize pH changes by —ANS: converting a strong acid or
base to a weak one
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,2
Types of hypersensitivity reactions —ANS: Type 1: Immunoglobulin IgE mediated
reactions(allergic reaction), rapid time frame, ex peanut allergy
Type 2: tissue specific, activates complement cascade/phagocytosis, body attacks
healthy RBC thinking they are foreign, ex graves, hep induced thrombocytopenia
Type 3: immune complexes formed in circulation and deposited into cell wall and
cause tissue damage , ex is rayanuds
Type 4: delayed sensitivity, only type that is mediated by T lymphocytes and do not
involve antibodies, ex contact sensitivity to poison ivy, latex, mycobacterial infection
Prematurity —ANS: baby born before 37 weeks gestation, causes: maternal age,
multiple pregnancies, uterine or cervical abnormalities, infections/chronic conditions.
Clinical findings of premature babies: low birth weight, jaundice, feeding difficulties
RDS (respiratory distress syndrome) —ANS: babies born before 28 weeks, caused by
lack of surfactant, characterized by shallow rapid breathing(grunting), males are more
prone
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, 3
NEC (necrotizing enterocolitis) —ANS: babies born before 32 weeks, caused by
damage and inflammation to intestinal tissues, characterized by bloody stools and
distended abdomen. Risk factors: low birth weight, formula feedings
SIDS(sudden infant death syndrome) —ANS: common between 1-4 months of age,
most frequent death for child 2 weeks-1 year, can occur from sleeping on soft surface,
occurs in boys more often than girls
Prader-Willi Syndrome —ANS: Caused by a lack of genetic material in the 15 pair of
chromosomes. Usually inherited from the father. The leading genetic cause of obesity.
The degree of mental retardation varies, but is usually in the mild range. Students with
Prader-Willi syndrome can be rigid and oppositional. They do not respond well to
sudden changes in their routine. It can also result in low muscle tone, short stature,
incomplete sexual development, cognitive disabilities, problem behaviors, and a
chronic feeling of hunger that can lead to excessive eating and life-threatening obesity.
DiGeorge Syndrome —ANS: caused by missing piece of chromosome 22, affects the
heart, immune system, parathyroid glands, can be inherited from parents, DGS triad:
© 2025 All rights reserved
NURS 6111 Exam 1 Questions with Answers (100% Correct
Answers)
Na normal lab value —ANS: 135-145
K normal lab value —ANS: 3.5-5.0
Mg normal lab value —ANS: 1.3-2.1 mEq/L
Calcium normal lab value —ANS: 8.5-10.5 mg/dL
Abnormal signs and symptoms of K —ANS: excessive thirst, increased urination,
muscle cramps, fatigue/weakness, irregular heartbeat, constipation, abdominal
cramping
Abnormal signs and symptoms of Mg —ANS: muscle cramps, fatigue/weakness,
abnormal heart rhythm, numbness/tingling, mental symptoms, insomnia
Acid-base buffer systems minimize pH changes by —ANS: converting a strong acid or
base to a weak one
© 2025 All rights reserved
,2
Types of hypersensitivity reactions —ANS: Type 1: Immunoglobulin IgE mediated
reactions(allergic reaction), rapid time frame, ex peanut allergy
Type 2: tissue specific, activates complement cascade/phagocytosis, body attacks
healthy RBC thinking they are foreign, ex graves, hep induced thrombocytopenia
Type 3: immune complexes formed in circulation and deposited into cell wall and
cause tissue damage , ex is rayanuds
Type 4: delayed sensitivity, only type that is mediated by T lymphocytes and do not
involve antibodies, ex contact sensitivity to poison ivy, latex, mycobacterial infection
Prematurity —ANS: baby born before 37 weeks gestation, causes: maternal age,
multiple pregnancies, uterine or cervical abnormalities, infections/chronic conditions.
Clinical findings of premature babies: low birth weight, jaundice, feeding difficulties
RDS (respiratory distress syndrome) —ANS: babies born before 28 weeks, caused by
lack of surfactant, characterized by shallow rapid breathing(grunting), males are more
prone
© 2025 All rights reserved
, 3
NEC (necrotizing enterocolitis) —ANS: babies born before 32 weeks, caused by
damage and inflammation to intestinal tissues, characterized by bloody stools and
distended abdomen. Risk factors: low birth weight, formula feedings
SIDS(sudden infant death syndrome) —ANS: common between 1-4 months of age,
most frequent death for child 2 weeks-1 year, can occur from sleeping on soft surface,
occurs in boys more often than girls
Prader-Willi Syndrome —ANS: Caused by a lack of genetic material in the 15 pair of
chromosomes. Usually inherited from the father. The leading genetic cause of obesity.
The degree of mental retardation varies, but is usually in the mild range. Students with
Prader-Willi syndrome can be rigid and oppositional. They do not respond well to
sudden changes in their routine. It can also result in low muscle tone, short stature,
incomplete sexual development, cognitive disabilities, problem behaviors, and a
chronic feeling of hunger that can lead to excessive eating and life-threatening obesity.
DiGeorge Syndrome —ANS: caused by missing piece of chromosome 22, affects the
heart, immune system, parathyroid glands, can be inherited from parents, DGS triad:
© 2025 All rights reserved
