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DLM(ASCP) EXAM 2024-2025 ACTUAL
EXAM 230 REAL EXAM Questions with
Detailed Verified Answers
Project Volumes (forecasting stage) Ans: based on expert opinion,
stats, historical data, shifts in patient mix, changes in medical staff
composition, changes in inflation/reimbursement ratws,
expansion/cutbacks, population fluctuations based on economy
Steps to creating a budget Ans: 1. project volumes
2. convert volumes to revenue
3. convert volumes into expense requirements
4. Adjust revenue/ expenses as necessary to meet budget margin
gross revenue Ans: Rates x Production Unit (Billable test volume)
Expenses Ans: salaries/wages, reference service, instrument lease,
maintenance contracts, education/travel
Financial Statements Ans: convey the financial status of an organization
4 main types - income statement, balance sheet statement of changes in
equity and statement of cash flows.
income statement Ans: summarizes the operations of an organization
with a focus on its revenues, expenses, and profitability. contains
operational results over a period of time.
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depreciation Ans: noncash charge against earnings on income
statement that reflect the "wear and tear" on a business' fixed assets
(property and equipment). loss of value
salvage value Ans: amount received when final disposition occurs at
end of the asset's useful life.
annual depreciation Ans: (initial cost - salvage value)/ useful life
Profit Ans: net income -expense
cashflow Ans: net income + depreciation
Total Profit Margin Ans: Net income divided by total revenues. It
measures the amount of total profit per dollar of total revenues.
fixed costs Ans: cost not related to the volume of services delivered
(ex. facilities cost, lab admin, instrument leases, maintenance contracts)
variable cost Ans: directly related to the volume of services delivered
(ex. supplies, labor costs)
Profit Analysis Ans: technique use to analyze the effects of volume
changes on profit. can also be used to analyze effects of volume changes
on costs.
Total Costs Ans: fixed costs + variable costs
Variable costs = variable cost rate x volume
contribution margin Ans: difference between per unit revenue and per
unit variable cost. gives the amount left to cover the fixed costs. after
fixed costs are covered what's left contributes to the profit.
accounting breakeven Ans: Volume needed to produce zero profit.
Revenues cover all accounting costs.
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Total Revenue (cost x volume) - Total Variable (variable cost rate x
volume) - fixed costs = $0
economic breakeven Ans: occurs when all accounting costs plus a profit
target are covered
total revenue - total variable cost- fixed cost = profit
Surcharge/Cost Plus Ans: used for reference/send out testing.
Determine cost of doing a procedure then add markup factor to get
appropriate price.
weight value basis Ans: each test performed is assigned a weight based
on cost of performing the test in relation to the procedure.
patient day factor Ans: the number of patients in a hospital on a given
day.
(average patient day/ daily census for the year) x 365
tests per patient days Ans: test volume/ patient days
revenue per test Ans: gross revenue/test volume
direct costs Ans: test-specific costs (Variable)
examples - supplies, instrumentation, reagents, tech time
indirect cost Ans: remain constant
examples - lab admin, medical records, house keeping, utilities, etc.
(fixed/semi-variable)
unit costs Ans: total direct + indirect expenses
Employment cycle Ans: covers all stages in the process of employing
staff:
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1. recruitment and acquisition costs (pre-employment screen)
2. training/developmental costs (ongoing)
3. productive/operational periods
4. termination/separation of employee from institution costs
analyze labor costs Ans: institutional labor cost evaluation (employment
cycle)
technical evaluation of labor cost - assign labor costs to production
activities that generate expenses. helps manager identify where efforts
are being expended and productivity
accounting and budgeting labor analysis - helps monitor staffing levels,
productivity and management performance against budget objectives
preanalytical time Ans: specimen collection, prep, instrument
analytical time Ans: performing/resulting tests
post analytical time Ans: reporting and routine maintenance
total hours Ans: productive hours + nonproductive hours
productive hours Ans: actual worked hours includes overtime and
training
nonproductive hours Ans: compensated but not worked. sick leave,
vacation, bereavement, etc.
Full-time equivalent (FTE) Ans: An employee who works full-time, 40
hours per week, 2080 hours per year (total number of hours paid/ 2080)
171 or 177 hours - per month
Productivity Measurement Ans: workload unit (WLU)/ labor units
DLM(ASCP) EXAM 2024-2025 ACTUAL
EXAM 230 REAL EXAM Questions with
Detailed Verified Answers
Project Volumes (forecasting stage) Ans: based on expert opinion,
stats, historical data, shifts in patient mix, changes in medical staff
composition, changes in inflation/reimbursement ratws,
expansion/cutbacks, population fluctuations based on economy
Steps to creating a budget Ans: 1. project volumes
2. convert volumes to revenue
3. convert volumes into expense requirements
4. Adjust revenue/ expenses as necessary to meet budget margin
gross revenue Ans: Rates x Production Unit (Billable test volume)
Expenses Ans: salaries/wages, reference service, instrument lease,
maintenance contracts, education/travel
Financial Statements Ans: convey the financial status of an organization
4 main types - income statement, balance sheet statement of changes in
equity and statement of cash flows.
income statement Ans: summarizes the operations of an organization
with a focus on its revenues, expenses, and profitability. contains
operational results over a period of time.
, Page | 2
depreciation Ans: noncash charge against earnings on income
statement that reflect the "wear and tear" on a business' fixed assets
(property and equipment). loss of value
salvage value Ans: amount received when final disposition occurs at
end of the asset's useful life.
annual depreciation Ans: (initial cost - salvage value)/ useful life
Profit Ans: net income -expense
cashflow Ans: net income + depreciation
Total Profit Margin Ans: Net income divided by total revenues. It
measures the amount of total profit per dollar of total revenues.
fixed costs Ans: cost not related to the volume of services delivered
(ex. facilities cost, lab admin, instrument leases, maintenance contracts)
variable cost Ans: directly related to the volume of services delivered
(ex. supplies, labor costs)
Profit Analysis Ans: technique use to analyze the effects of volume
changes on profit. can also be used to analyze effects of volume changes
on costs.
Total Costs Ans: fixed costs + variable costs
Variable costs = variable cost rate x volume
contribution margin Ans: difference between per unit revenue and per
unit variable cost. gives the amount left to cover the fixed costs. after
fixed costs are covered what's left contributes to the profit.
accounting breakeven Ans: Volume needed to produce zero profit.
Revenues cover all accounting costs.
, Page | 3
Total Revenue (cost x volume) - Total Variable (variable cost rate x
volume) - fixed costs = $0
economic breakeven Ans: occurs when all accounting costs plus a profit
target are covered
total revenue - total variable cost- fixed cost = profit
Surcharge/Cost Plus Ans: used for reference/send out testing.
Determine cost of doing a procedure then add markup factor to get
appropriate price.
weight value basis Ans: each test performed is assigned a weight based
on cost of performing the test in relation to the procedure.
patient day factor Ans: the number of patients in a hospital on a given
day.
(average patient day/ daily census for the year) x 365
tests per patient days Ans: test volume/ patient days
revenue per test Ans: gross revenue/test volume
direct costs Ans: test-specific costs (Variable)
examples - supplies, instrumentation, reagents, tech time
indirect cost Ans: remain constant
examples - lab admin, medical records, house keeping, utilities, etc.
(fixed/semi-variable)
unit costs Ans: total direct + indirect expenses
Employment cycle Ans: covers all stages in the process of employing
staff:
, Page | 4
1. recruitment and acquisition costs (pre-employment screen)
2. training/developmental costs (ongoing)
3. productive/operational periods
4. termination/separation of employee from institution costs
analyze labor costs Ans: institutional labor cost evaluation (employment
cycle)
technical evaluation of labor cost - assign labor costs to production
activities that generate expenses. helps manager identify where efforts
are being expended and productivity
accounting and budgeting labor analysis - helps monitor staffing levels,
productivity and management performance against budget objectives
preanalytical time Ans: specimen collection, prep, instrument
analytical time Ans: performing/resulting tests
post analytical time Ans: reporting and routine maintenance
total hours Ans: productive hours + nonproductive hours
productive hours Ans: actual worked hours includes overtime and
training
nonproductive hours Ans: compensated but not worked. sick leave,
vacation, bereavement, etc.
Full-time equivalent (FTE) Ans: An employee who works full-time, 40
hours per week, 2080 hours per year (total number of hours paid/ 2080)
171 or 177 hours - per month
Productivity Measurement Ans: workload unit (WLU)/ labor units
