UCI Bio 93 with the Trio Final Review
Exam 2026 Questions and Answers
Bioengernetics - Correct answer-How energy flows through organisms.
ATP - Correct answer-Used for mechanical, transport, and chemical work. ATP is
also an RNA nucleotide.
Mechanical Work - Correct answer-Energy used in motor proteins and muscle cells
during contractions.
Transport Work - Correct answer-Energy used to move substances against their
gradient.
Chemical Work - Correct answer-Energy used to convey polymers into monomers.
Gibs Free Energy - Correct answer-Portion of a systems energy that can preform
work when temperature and pressure are uniform throughout the system.
Exergonic Reactions - Correct answer-Delta G is less than zero (-) and the reaction
is spontaneous. Example- ATP hydrolysis.
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,Endergonic Reactions - Correct answer-Delta G is greater than zero (+) and the
reaction is non-spontaneous.
Enzymes - Correct answer-Lower energy barriers and can be denatured by
temperature.
"Lock and Key" - Correct answer-Phrase used to describe the very specific nature
of enzyme-substrate interactions.
1st Law of Thermodynamics - Correct answer-Energy is constant and cannot be
created or destroyed.
2nd Law of Thermodynamics - Correct answer-Every energy transformation
increases the entropy in the universe.
Cellular Respiration - Correct answer-Process used by heterotrophs. Occurs in the
mitochondria and produces majority of the energy our body constantly uses.
Mitochondrial Defects - Correct answer-Leads to cancer and aging, as well as
muscle and metabolic dysfunction.
Oxidation - Correct answer-Loss of electrons.
Reduction - Correct answer-Addition of electrons.
What prevents glucose from instantly combining with oxygen? - Correct answer-
Activation Energy.
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,Glycolysis - Correct answer-Occurs in the cytosol. The process of breaking down
the 6 carbon molecule, glucose, into two 3 carbon pyruvate. The breaking of this
bond creates 2 ATP. Does not require oxygen. NAD+, 1 Glucose, and 2 ATP go in
while 2 pyruvate, NADH, and 4 ATP come out.
Substrate-Level Phosphorylation - Correct answer-Generation of ATP and ADP
from a phosphorylated substrate.
Anaerobic - Correct answer-A process which does not require the input of oxygen.
Aerobic - Correct answer-A process which requires the input of oxygen.
Pyruvate - Correct answer-A 3 carbon molecule that is made from the hydrolysis of
glucose.
Pyruvate Oxidation - Correct answer-Occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria.
Pyruvate (3 carbon) and NADH+ go in while Acetyl CoA and NADH come out.
Citric Acid Cycle (Kreb's Cycle) - Correct answer-Occurs in the matrix of the
mitochondria. Acetyl CoA (2 Carbon), NAD+/FAD+, and ADP go in while CO2 (1
Carbon), NADH/FADH2, and ATP come out.
Electron Transport Chain or Oxidative Phosphorylation - Correct answer-Occurs in
the inner membrane of the mitochondria. NADH and FADH2 carry electron
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, through the transport chain and pump protons against their gradient. Oxidative
Phosphorylation produces around 34 ATP through ATP synthase.
Chemiosmosis - Correct answer-The movement of ions down their concentration
gradient.
ATP Synthase - Correct answer-Uses the process of chemiosmosis to transport H
ions through it and produce ATP by oxygen accepting the H ions to make H2O
Photosynthesis - Correct answer-Process used by autotrophs. Turns solar energy
into chemical energy and occurs inside the chloroplast. light and water go in and
glucose and oxygen come out.
Light Reaction - Correct answer-Occurs in the Thylakoid Membrane. Solar energy
excites the electron as it moves through photosystem II and I. Protons create an
acidic thylakoid lumen. NADP+ accepts electrons to produce NADPH. Light,
H2O, and NAPD+ go in while O2, ATP, and NADPH come out.
Calvin Cycle (Dark Reaction) - Correct answer-Occurs in the stroma. NADPH,
ATP, and CO2 go in while ADP, NADP, and glucose come out.
Hershey and Chase Experiment - Correct answer-Proved that DNA is the genetic
material, not proteins.
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Exam 2026 Questions and Answers
Bioengernetics - Correct answer-How energy flows through organisms.
ATP - Correct answer-Used for mechanical, transport, and chemical work. ATP is
also an RNA nucleotide.
Mechanical Work - Correct answer-Energy used in motor proteins and muscle cells
during contractions.
Transport Work - Correct answer-Energy used to move substances against their
gradient.
Chemical Work - Correct answer-Energy used to convey polymers into monomers.
Gibs Free Energy - Correct answer-Portion of a systems energy that can preform
work when temperature and pressure are uniform throughout the system.
Exergonic Reactions - Correct answer-Delta G is less than zero (-) and the reaction
is spontaneous. Example- ATP hydrolysis.
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,Endergonic Reactions - Correct answer-Delta G is greater than zero (+) and the
reaction is non-spontaneous.
Enzymes - Correct answer-Lower energy barriers and can be denatured by
temperature.
"Lock and Key" - Correct answer-Phrase used to describe the very specific nature
of enzyme-substrate interactions.
1st Law of Thermodynamics - Correct answer-Energy is constant and cannot be
created or destroyed.
2nd Law of Thermodynamics - Correct answer-Every energy transformation
increases the entropy in the universe.
Cellular Respiration - Correct answer-Process used by heterotrophs. Occurs in the
mitochondria and produces majority of the energy our body constantly uses.
Mitochondrial Defects - Correct answer-Leads to cancer and aging, as well as
muscle and metabolic dysfunction.
Oxidation - Correct answer-Loss of electrons.
Reduction - Correct answer-Addition of electrons.
What prevents glucose from instantly combining with oxygen? - Correct answer-
Activation Energy.
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,Glycolysis - Correct answer-Occurs in the cytosol. The process of breaking down
the 6 carbon molecule, glucose, into two 3 carbon pyruvate. The breaking of this
bond creates 2 ATP. Does not require oxygen. NAD+, 1 Glucose, and 2 ATP go in
while 2 pyruvate, NADH, and 4 ATP come out.
Substrate-Level Phosphorylation - Correct answer-Generation of ATP and ADP
from a phosphorylated substrate.
Anaerobic - Correct answer-A process which does not require the input of oxygen.
Aerobic - Correct answer-A process which requires the input of oxygen.
Pyruvate - Correct answer-A 3 carbon molecule that is made from the hydrolysis of
glucose.
Pyruvate Oxidation - Correct answer-Occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria.
Pyruvate (3 carbon) and NADH+ go in while Acetyl CoA and NADH come out.
Citric Acid Cycle (Kreb's Cycle) - Correct answer-Occurs in the matrix of the
mitochondria. Acetyl CoA (2 Carbon), NAD+/FAD+, and ADP go in while CO2 (1
Carbon), NADH/FADH2, and ATP come out.
Electron Transport Chain or Oxidative Phosphorylation - Correct answer-Occurs in
the inner membrane of the mitochondria. NADH and FADH2 carry electron
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, through the transport chain and pump protons against their gradient. Oxidative
Phosphorylation produces around 34 ATP through ATP synthase.
Chemiosmosis - Correct answer-The movement of ions down their concentration
gradient.
ATP Synthase - Correct answer-Uses the process of chemiosmosis to transport H
ions through it and produce ATP by oxygen accepting the H ions to make H2O
Photosynthesis - Correct answer-Process used by autotrophs. Turns solar energy
into chemical energy and occurs inside the chloroplast. light and water go in and
glucose and oxygen come out.
Light Reaction - Correct answer-Occurs in the Thylakoid Membrane. Solar energy
excites the electron as it moves through photosystem II and I. Protons create an
acidic thylakoid lumen. NADP+ accepts electrons to produce NADPH. Light,
H2O, and NAPD+ go in while O2, ATP, and NADPH come out.
Calvin Cycle (Dark Reaction) - Correct answer-Occurs in the stroma. NADPH,
ATP, and CO2 go in while ADP, NADP, and glucose come out.
Hershey and Chase Experiment - Correct answer-Proved that DNA is the genetic
material, not proteins.
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
