NSG 349 ACTUAL EXAM 2 (LATEST UPDATE WITH 100% ACCURATE SOLUTIONS)
VERIFIED STUDY QUESTIONS
what is angina
chest pain, build up of lactic acid, caused by ischemia
stable angina
occurs with activity and relieved with rest
unstable angina
occurs at any time, not relieved within 15 mins of rest, high risk for MI
vasospastic angina
temporary usually genetic, spasms of smooth muscle around coronary arteries
forms of nitrates/nitrites
sublingual, PO, ointments, patches, IV
rapid-acting forms nitrates/nitrites
used to treat acute anginal attacks
,long-acting forms nitrates/nitrites
used to prevent anginal episodes
drugs nitrates/nitrites
- nitroglycerin (rapid)
- isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil) (both rapid and long lasting)
- isosorbide mononitrate (Imdur) (primarily long acting)
indications for nitrates/nitrites
angina
MOA nitrates/nitrites
- cause vasodilation because of relaxation of smooth muscles
- potent dilating effect
- result: oxygen to ischemic myocardial tissue
contraindications nitrates/nitrites
hypotension, not to be used with erectile dysfunction drugs
adverse effects nitrates/nitrites
,- headaches
- reflex tachycardia
- postural hypotension
- tolerance develops- nitrate free patches
nitrates/nitrites education
- no erectile dysfunction drugs
- lifestyle modifications
- remove patch at bedtime for 8 hrs
- other lower BP meds will have additive effects
- always keep on hand
- burning under tongue is good
what meds is most effective to treat exertional angina
beta blockers (for long term)
beta blockers indications
not for pts with underlying lung diseases, bradycardia, caution with diabetes
adverse effects beta blockers (angina)
hold if HR is less than 60 bpm, monitor glucose with diabetics, not for acute episodes
, calcium channel blockers for chronic stable angina
- cause coronary artery vasodilation
- cause peripheral arterial vasodilation
- reduce workload of heart
- result: decreased myocardial oxygen demand
- long term prevention
- drugs: non-dihydropyridines: Verapamil, Diltiazem
tachy dysrhythmias examples
sinus tach, A fib/flutter, supraventriular tachycardia (SVT)
brady dysrhythmias examples
A-V blocks, bundle branch blocks, sick sinus syndrome
most common heart rhythm disorder
atrial fibrillation
atrial fibrillation increases a chance for a
stroke
VERIFIED STUDY QUESTIONS
what is angina
chest pain, build up of lactic acid, caused by ischemia
stable angina
occurs with activity and relieved with rest
unstable angina
occurs at any time, not relieved within 15 mins of rest, high risk for MI
vasospastic angina
temporary usually genetic, spasms of smooth muscle around coronary arteries
forms of nitrates/nitrites
sublingual, PO, ointments, patches, IV
rapid-acting forms nitrates/nitrites
used to treat acute anginal attacks
,long-acting forms nitrates/nitrites
used to prevent anginal episodes
drugs nitrates/nitrites
- nitroglycerin (rapid)
- isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil) (both rapid and long lasting)
- isosorbide mononitrate (Imdur) (primarily long acting)
indications for nitrates/nitrites
angina
MOA nitrates/nitrites
- cause vasodilation because of relaxation of smooth muscles
- potent dilating effect
- result: oxygen to ischemic myocardial tissue
contraindications nitrates/nitrites
hypotension, not to be used with erectile dysfunction drugs
adverse effects nitrates/nitrites
,- headaches
- reflex tachycardia
- postural hypotension
- tolerance develops- nitrate free patches
nitrates/nitrites education
- no erectile dysfunction drugs
- lifestyle modifications
- remove patch at bedtime for 8 hrs
- other lower BP meds will have additive effects
- always keep on hand
- burning under tongue is good
what meds is most effective to treat exertional angina
beta blockers (for long term)
beta blockers indications
not for pts with underlying lung diseases, bradycardia, caution with diabetes
adverse effects beta blockers (angina)
hold if HR is less than 60 bpm, monitor glucose with diabetics, not for acute episodes
, calcium channel blockers for chronic stable angina
- cause coronary artery vasodilation
- cause peripheral arterial vasodilation
- reduce workload of heart
- result: decreased myocardial oxygen demand
- long term prevention
- drugs: non-dihydropyridines: Verapamil, Diltiazem
tachy dysrhythmias examples
sinus tach, A fib/flutter, supraventriular tachycardia (SVT)
brady dysrhythmias examples
A-V blocks, bundle branch blocks, sick sinus syndrome
most common heart rhythm disorder
atrial fibrillation
atrial fibrillation increases a chance for a
stroke
