HESI Anatomy and physiology Exam
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Answers || Latest Update
\.Histology
the study of tissues
\.Mitosis and Meiosis
Mitosis and meiosis are the ways that cells reproduce. During mitosis, a cell duplicates its DNA
and divides into two identical cells called daughter cells. Meiosis, on the other hand, produces
four daughter cells that have only half of the chromosomes that the parent cell has. Meiosis is
the form of cell duplication that produces eggs and sperm.
\.Skin
membrane because it covers the body ; organ because it contains several kinds of tissues.
\.skeletal system
Functions to support, permit movement, form blood cells (homeopoiesis), protect internal
organs, detoxify, point for muscle attachment, mineral storage (particularly phosphorous and
calcium)
\.Muscular System
Consists of skeletal muscles and tendons that connect muscles to bone, and ligaments which
attach bones to each other to form joints. Cardiac and smooth muscles are not included in this
organ system.
\.Nervous System
Composed of neurons (cell, axon, dendrite), central nervous system (brain, spinal cord),
peripheral nervous system (nerves of the body). Recieves, interpretes and transmits impulses
and responses. Responsible for sight, smell, taste, touch, hearing (five senses), heart rate,
breathing, speech, movement
,\.Endocrine system
Consists of a group of ductless glands that secrete substances called hormones directly into the
bloodstream. Hormones are powerful chemical substances that have a profound effect on many
body processes such as metabolism, growth and development, reproduction, personality, and
the ability of the body to react to stress and disease.
\.Circulatory system
The human body system that contains the heart, blood, and all of the blood vessels. It delivers
all the nutrients to the cells
\.Respiratory System
A system of organs, functioning in the process of gas exchange between the body and the
environment, consisting especially of the nose, nasal passages, nasopharynx, larynx, trachea,
bronchi, and lungs.
\.Digestive System
3 main functions - break down food mechanically & chemically, absorb important molcules for
the body needs, & eliminates wastes
\.Urinary System
Composed of kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Removes waster material (urine) from the
body, regulates fluid volume, and maintains electrolyte concentration.
\.Reproductive system
(testes, epididymis, vas deferens, urethra, penis, ovaries, Fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina)
produces reproductive cells, nurtures and protects developing embryo in females
\.Alimentary Canal
Also known as the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of the digestive tract, the alimentary canal is the
long muscular "tube" that includes the mouth esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large
intestine.
\.anatomic position
The position with the body erect with the arms at the sides and the palms forward. The
anatomic position is of importance in anatomy because it is the position of reference for
anatomic nomenclature. Anatomic terms such as anterior and posterior, medial and lateral, and
abduction and adduction apply to the body when it is in the anatomic position.
, \.Anterior
Front or Ventral
\.appendicular skeleton
126 bones that make up the shoulder girdle, arms, hands, pelvic girdle, legs, and hands.
\.arterioles
Extremely small arteries that result from multiple branching of major arteries. Function to direct
and control blood flow and to reduce blood pressure
\.Axial Skelton
rts the central axis of the body. Consists of the sku
\.bolus
A term used to describe food after it has been chewed and mixed with saliva.food is swallowed
and passed from the esophagus into the stomach, where digestion continues with the mixing of
chyme with hydrochloric acid, enzyme action, and intrinsic factor.
\.Cell
Collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that separates the cell from its surroundings;
basic unit of all forms of life.
\.Cerebellum
BALANCE, physical, emotional, cognitive, social;the "little brain" attached to the rear of the
brainstem; its functions include processing sensory input and coordinating movement output
and balance
\.Chyme
A pulpy mixture of food and gastric juices. Produced in the stomach, from which it passes to the
small intestine
\.Dermis
- the layer of the skin just below the epidermis, contains bundles of collogen, nerve fibres, blood
vessels, sweat glands, sebaceous glands & hair follicles
\.Distal
opposite of proximal; a particular body part is farther from the trunk or farther from another
specified point of reference than another part
Complete Questions With Verified
Answers || Latest Update
\.Histology
the study of tissues
\.Mitosis and Meiosis
Mitosis and meiosis are the ways that cells reproduce. During mitosis, a cell duplicates its DNA
and divides into two identical cells called daughter cells. Meiosis, on the other hand, produces
four daughter cells that have only half of the chromosomes that the parent cell has. Meiosis is
the form of cell duplication that produces eggs and sperm.
\.Skin
membrane because it covers the body ; organ because it contains several kinds of tissues.
\.skeletal system
Functions to support, permit movement, form blood cells (homeopoiesis), protect internal
organs, detoxify, point for muscle attachment, mineral storage (particularly phosphorous and
calcium)
\.Muscular System
Consists of skeletal muscles and tendons that connect muscles to bone, and ligaments which
attach bones to each other to form joints. Cardiac and smooth muscles are not included in this
organ system.
\.Nervous System
Composed of neurons (cell, axon, dendrite), central nervous system (brain, spinal cord),
peripheral nervous system (nerves of the body). Recieves, interpretes and transmits impulses
and responses. Responsible for sight, smell, taste, touch, hearing (five senses), heart rate,
breathing, speech, movement
,\.Endocrine system
Consists of a group of ductless glands that secrete substances called hormones directly into the
bloodstream. Hormones are powerful chemical substances that have a profound effect on many
body processes such as metabolism, growth and development, reproduction, personality, and
the ability of the body to react to stress and disease.
\.Circulatory system
The human body system that contains the heart, blood, and all of the blood vessels. It delivers
all the nutrients to the cells
\.Respiratory System
A system of organs, functioning in the process of gas exchange between the body and the
environment, consisting especially of the nose, nasal passages, nasopharynx, larynx, trachea,
bronchi, and lungs.
\.Digestive System
3 main functions - break down food mechanically & chemically, absorb important molcules for
the body needs, & eliminates wastes
\.Urinary System
Composed of kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Removes waster material (urine) from the
body, regulates fluid volume, and maintains electrolyte concentration.
\.Reproductive system
(testes, epididymis, vas deferens, urethra, penis, ovaries, Fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina)
produces reproductive cells, nurtures and protects developing embryo in females
\.Alimentary Canal
Also known as the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of the digestive tract, the alimentary canal is the
long muscular "tube" that includes the mouth esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large
intestine.
\.anatomic position
The position with the body erect with the arms at the sides and the palms forward. The
anatomic position is of importance in anatomy because it is the position of reference for
anatomic nomenclature. Anatomic terms such as anterior and posterior, medial and lateral, and
abduction and adduction apply to the body when it is in the anatomic position.
, \.Anterior
Front or Ventral
\.appendicular skeleton
126 bones that make up the shoulder girdle, arms, hands, pelvic girdle, legs, and hands.
\.arterioles
Extremely small arteries that result from multiple branching of major arteries. Function to direct
and control blood flow and to reduce blood pressure
\.Axial Skelton
rts the central axis of the body. Consists of the sku
\.bolus
A term used to describe food after it has been chewed and mixed with saliva.food is swallowed
and passed from the esophagus into the stomach, where digestion continues with the mixing of
chyme with hydrochloric acid, enzyme action, and intrinsic factor.
\.Cell
Collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that separates the cell from its surroundings;
basic unit of all forms of life.
\.Cerebellum
BALANCE, physical, emotional, cognitive, social;the "little brain" attached to the rear of the
brainstem; its functions include processing sensory input and coordinating movement output
and balance
\.Chyme
A pulpy mixture of food and gastric juices. Produced in the stomach, from which it passes to the
small intestine
\.Dermis
- the layer of the skin just below the epidermis, contains bundles of collogen, nerve fibres, blood
vessels, sweat glands, sebaceous glands & hair follicles
\.Distal
opposite of proximal; a particular body part is farther from the trunk or farther from another
specified point of reference than another part
