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ARDMS ABDOMEN BOARD EXAM NEWEST 2025 COMPLETE
200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
How to tell the difference between ascites and abscess - answer-move the patient erect, ascites will
move to the dependent portion
What are the three areas of the retroperitoneum - answer-anterior perirenal space, perirenal space,
posterior perirenal space
What organs lie in the anterior perirenal space - answer-retroperitoneal portion of the intestines and
the pancreas
What organs lie in the perirenal space - answer-kidneys, ureters, adrenal glands, aorta, ivc,
retroperitoneal nodes
What organs lie in the posterior perirenal space - answer-posterior abdominal wall, iliopsoas muscle,
quadratus muscle
Which crus of the diaphragm is visualized anterior to the aorta above the level of the celiac artery? -
answer-the left crus
The right crus is seen where? - answer-posterior to the caudate lobe and ivc
Abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneum secondary to a pathological process - answer-
ascites
Anechoic freely mobile usually benign ascites - answer-transudative
Internal echoes, loculated, associated with infection and malignancy ascites - answer-exudative
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In cases of massive ascites this will also be present - answer-respiratory distress
Fluid accumulations in order in the supine patient (5 areas) - answer-inferior tip (right lobe liver),
superior portion (right flank), pelvic cul-de-sac, right paracolic gutter (lateral and anterior to liver),
morrison's pouch
Encased collection of pus - answer-abscess
This type of abscess is associated with cholangitis, sepsis, and penetrating trauma to the liver - answer-
intrahepatic
This type of abscess is associated with cholecystectomy - answer-subhepatic
This type of abscess is associated with bacterial spill into peritoneum, bowel rupture, peptic ulcer
perforation, trauma - answer-subphrenic
Originates from fat, has complex echogenic pattern with thick walls - answer-liposarcoma
Originates from connective tissue, has complex sonolucent pattern, invading surrounding tissues -
answer-fibrosarcoma
Originates from muscle, occurs as a solid, complex, or homogeneous echogenic mass, invading
surrounding tissue - answer-rhabdomyosarcoma
Originates from smooth muscle, occurs as a complex echodense mass that may have areas of necrosis
and cystic degeneration - answer-leiomyosarcoma
Originates from all three germ cell layers, most occur in the area of the upper pole of the left kidney, 90%
are benign, complex with echogenic and cystic areas, 50% occur in children - answer-teratoma
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Originate from nerve tissue and occur mostly in the paravertebral region, heterogeneous and echogenic
- answer-neurogenic tumor
Formation of thick sheets of connective tissue extending from the perirenal space to the dome of the
bladder - answer-retroperitoneal fibrosis
Lymphatic vessels assist these vessels - answer-veins
Lymphocytes and reticulum cells make up - answer-lymph nodes
Two functions of the lymph nodes - answer-filtration and production of lymphocytes and antibodies
Normal lymph node size - answer-less than 1 cm
Enlarged nodes posterior to the aorta or will displace the great vessels away from the spine - answer-
floating aorta sign
Nodes that surround the mesenteric vessels - answer-sandwich sign
Anterior renal displacement, anterior dilated ureter displacement, anterior displacement of the
retroperitoneal fat ventrally and often cranially, anterior vascular displacement are characteristics of a
mass located... - answer-in the retroperitoneum
A 2-year old boy presents with hematuria and a palpable left flank mass. An ultrasound examination is
performed, and a solid renal mass is identified. This finding is most characteristic of which of the
following choices?
Hypernephroma, wilm's tumor, neuroblastoma, infantile polycystic kidney disease, renal infarction -
answer-wilm's tumor
A patient presents with ampulla of vater obstruction, distension of the gallbladder, and painless
jaundice. This is associated with which of the following choices?
ARDMS ABDOMEN BOARD EXAM NEWEST 2025 COMPLETE
200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
How to tell the difference between ascites and abscess - answer-move the patient erect, ascites will
move to the dependent portion
What are the three areas of the retroperitoneum - answer-anterior perirenal space, perirenal space,
posterior perirenal space
What organs lie in the anterior perirenal space - answer-retroperitoneal portion of the intestines and
the pancreas
What organs lie in the perirenal space - answer-kidneys, ureters, adrenal glands, aorta, ivc,
retroperitoneal nodes
What organs lie in the posterior perirenal space - answer-posterior abdominal wall, iliopsoas muscle,
quadratus muscle
Which crus of the diaphragm is visualized anterior to the aorta above the level of the celiac artery? -
answer-the left crus
The right crus is seen where? - answer-posterior to the caudate lobe and ivc
Abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneum secondary to a pathological process - answer-
ascites
Anechoic freely mobile usually benign ascites - answer-transudative
Internal echoes, loculated, associated with infection and malignancy ascites - answer-exudative
,2|Page
In cases of massive ascites this will also be present - answer-respiratory distress
Fluid accumulations in order in the supine patient (5 areas) - answer-inferior tip (right lobe liver),
superior portion (right flank), pelvic cul-de-sac, right paracolic gutter (lateral and anterior to liver),
morrison's pouch
Encased collection of pus - answer-abscess
This type of abscess is associated with cholangitis, sepsis, and penetrating trauma to the liver - answer-
intrahepatic
This type of abscess is associated with cholecystectomy - answer-subhepatic
This type of abscess is associated with bacterial spill into peritoneum, bowel rupture, peptic ulcer
perforation, trauma - answer-subphrenic
Originates from fat, has complex echogenic pattern with thick walls - answer-liposarcoma
Originates from connective tissue, has complex sonolucent pattern, invading surrounding tissues -
answer-fibrosarcoma
Originates from muscle, occurs as a solid, complex, or homogeneous echogenic mass, invading
surrounding tissue - answer-rhabdomyosarcoma
Originates from smooth muscle, occurs as a complex echodense mass that may have areas of necrosis
and cystic degeneration - answer-leiomyosarcoma
Originates from all three germ cell layers, most occur in the area of the upper pole of the left kidney, 90%
are benign, complex with echogenic and cystic areas, 50% occur in children - answer-teratoma
, 3|Page
Originate from nerve tissue and occur mostly in the paravertebral region, heterogeneous and echogenic
- answer-neurogenic tumor
Formation of thick sheets of connective tissue extending from the perirenal space to the dome of the
bladder - answer-retroperitoneal fibrosis
Lymphatic vessels assist these vessels - answer-veins
Lymphocytes and reticulum cells make up - answer-lymph nodes
Two functions of the lymph nodes - answer-filtration and production of lymphocytes and antibodies
Normal lymph node size - answer-less than 1 cm
Enlarged nodes posterior to the aorta or will displace the great vessels away from the spine - answer-
floating aorta sign
Nodes that surround the mesenteric vessels - answer-sandwich sign
Anterior renal displacement, anterior dilated ureter displacement, anterior displacement of the
retroperitoneal fat ventrally and often cranially, anterior vascular displacement are characteristics of a
mass located... - answer-in the retroperitoneum
A 2-year old boy presents with hematuria and a palpable left flank mass. An ultrasound examination is
performed, and a solid renal mass is identified. This finding is most characteristic of which of the
following choices?
Hypernephroma, wilm's tumor, neuroblastoma, infantile polycystic kidney disease, renal infarction -
answer-wilm's tumor
A patient presents with ampulla of vater obstruction, distension of the gallbladder, and painless
jaundice. This is associated with which of the following choices?
