GASTROINTESTINAL PHARMACOLOGY REVIEW
2024/2025 WITH 100% ACCURATE QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
What are the three main categories of drugs that control gastric acidity?-CORRECT
ANSWERAntihistamines (H2 receptor antagonists), Proton pump inhibitors, and Antacids
What are two drugs that promote mucosal protection?-CORRECT ANSWERMisoprostol and Sucralfate
Which two drugs are common appetite stimulants mentioned in the lecture?-CORRECT
ANSWERMirtazapine and Capromorelin
Which part of the brain controls food seeking, hunger, appetite, and satiety?-CORRECT
ANSWERHypothalamus
What is the primary mechanism of action for Mirtazapine?-CORRECT ANSWER5HT3 (serotonin)
antagonist, α-adrenergic receptor antagonist, and Histamine receptor antagonist
What is the mechanism of action for Capromorelin?-CORRECT ANSWERGhrelin receptor agonist →
increased growth hormone excretion from pituitary → appetite stimulant
What is a common adverse effect of Mirtazapine?-CORRECT ANSWERSedation, vocalization, behavioral
changes, GI upset, or irritation of the pinna (if transdermal)
What are the two main areas involved in vomiting mentioned in the lecture?-CORRECT
ANSWEREmetic/Vomiting Center and Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone (CRTZ)
How do CRTZ receptors differ between cats and dogs?-CORRECT ANSWERCats have poorly developed D2
and absence of H1 receptors but a higher number of α2 receptors. Dogs have well-developed D2 and H1
receptors but a lower number of adrenergic receptors.
, When is it inappropriate to induce vomiting?-CORRECT ANSWERWith ingestion of acids, alkalis, corrosive
agents, hydrocarbons, or in debilitated, sedate, recumbent animals, or those with cardiovascular
disease, seizure disorders, megaesophagus, recent abdominal surgery, or already vomiting.
RISK OF ASPIRATIONPNEUMONIA
What is the emetic of choice for dogs?-CORRECT ANSWERApomorphine
What is the mechanism of action for Apomorphine?-CORRECT ANSWERStimulates dopamine (D2)
receptors in the CRTZ to cause vomiting. Only 1 dose is effective
Which emetic, given as an ophthalmic solution, is a selective dopamine D2-like agonist for dogs?-
CORRECT ANSWERRopinirole (Clevor)
Why should Ropinirole be used with caution during pregnancy or lactation for both animals and
handlers?-CORRECT ANSWERIt inhibits prolactin due to dopamine activation in the pituitary.
What was the previous emetic of choice for cats, and what is its mechanism of action?-CORRECT
ANSWERXylazine, which is an Alpha-2 agonist.
Which alpha-2 agonist is comparable or more effective than xylazine as an emetic in cats?-CORRECT
ANSWERDexmedetomidine
What is the mechanism of action for Maropitant?-CORRECT ANSWERNeurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor
antagonist, inhibiting substance P. Acts as an antiemetic
Maropitant is used for what common conditions?-CORRECT ANSWERTreating motion sickness,
chemotherapy-induced nausea, and other causes of nausea.
What is the mechanism of action for Ondansetron and Dolasetron?-CORRECT ANSWERSerotonin
antagonists #3.
2024/2025 WITH 100% ACCURATE QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
What are the three main categories of drugs that control gastric acidity?-CORRECT
ANSWERAntihistamines (H2 receptor antagonists), Proton pump inhibitors, and Antacids
What are two drugs that promote mucosal protection?-CORRECT ANSWERMisoprostol and Sucralfate
Which two drugs are common appetite stimulants mentioned in the lecture?-CORRECT
ANSWERMirtazapine and Capromorelin
Which part of the brain controls food seeking, hunger, appetite, and satiety?-CORRECT
ANSWERHypothalamus
What is the primary mechanism of action for Mirtazapine?-CORRECT ANSWER5HT3 (serotonin)
antagonist, α-adrenergic receptor antagonist, and Histamine receptor antagonist
What is the mechanism of action for Capromorelin?-CORRECT ANSWERGhrelin receptor agonist →
increased growth hormone excretion from pituitary → appetite stimulant
What is a common adverse effect of Mirtazapine?-CORRECT ANSWERSedation, vocalization, behavioral
changes, GI upset, or irritation of the pinna (if transdermal)
What are the two main areas involved in vomiting mentioned in the lecture?-CORRECT
ANSWEREmetic/Vomiting Center and Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone (CRTZ)
How do CRTZ receptors differ between cats and dogs?-CORRECT ANSWERCats have poorly developed D2
and absence of H1 receptors but a higher number of α2 receptors. Dogs have well-developed D2 and H1
receptors but a lower number of adrenergic receptors.
, When is it inappropriate to induce vomiting?-CORRECT ANSWERWith ingestion of acids, alkalis, corrosive
agents, hydrocarbons, or in debilitated, sedate, recumbent animals, or those with cardiovascular
disease, seizure disorders, megaesophagus, recent abdominal surgery, or already vomiting.
RISK OF ASPIRATIONPNEUMONIA
What is the emetic of choice for dogs?-CORRECT ANSWERApomorphine
What is the mechanism of action for Apomorphine?-CORRECT ANSWERStimulates dopamine (D2)
receptors in the CRTZ to cause vomiting. Only 1 dose is effective
Which emetic, given as an ophthalmic solution, is a selective dopamine D2-like agonist for dogs?-
CORRECT ANSWERRopinirole (Clevor)
Why should Ropinirole be used with caution during pregnancy or lactation for both animals and
handlers?-CORRECT ANSWERIt inhibits prolactin due to dopamine activation in the pituitary.
What was the previous emetic of choice for cats, and what is its mechanism of action?-CORRECT
ANSWERXylazine, which is an Alpha-2 agonist.
Which alpha-2 agonist is comparable or more effective than xylazine as an emetic in cats?-CORRECT
ANSWERDexmedetomidine
What is the mechanism of action for Maropitant?-CORRECT ANSWERNeurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor
antagonist, inhibiting substance P. Acts as an antiemetic
Maropitant is used for what common conditions?-CORRECT ANSWERTreating motion sickness,
chemotherapy-induced nausea, and other causes of nausea.
What is the mechanism of action for Ondansetron and Dolasetron?-CORRECT ANSWERSerotonin
antagonists #3.
